Edison and the Electric Chair_ A Story of Light and Death - Mark Essig [148]
19. Quotation from New York World, June 26,1889.
CHAPTER 14. SHOWDOWN
1. The presidents of the neurological association were Frederick Peterson and Bernard Sachs; of the engineering society, Franklin Pope, Arthur Kennelly, and Schuyler S. Wheeler. See Dictionary of American Medical Biography, ed. Martin Kaufman et al. (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1984), 659-60; "Frederick Peterson, M.D.," Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 4 (1938): 1021-22; Hughes, "Harold P. Brown and the Executioner's Current," 158. On Cockran, see Andrews, "Winston Churchill's Tammany Hall Mentor," 133-71; Buffalo Times, August 1,1889.
2. For West's testimony, see Kemmler Hearings, 466-76; New York Evening Post, July 19,1889; New York Sun, July 20,1889.
3. See Kemmler Hearings, 116-17.
4. For Smith's testimony, see ibid., 433-35, 476-521.
5. New York World, July 16,1889.
6. New York Sun, July 16,1889. For Tapper's testimony, see Kemmler Hearings, 208-23.
7. Ricky Jay, Learned Pigs and Fireproof Women (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1986), 156-62; Jan Bondeson, Buried Alive: The Terrifying History of Our Most Primal Fear (New York: Norton, 2001), 180-81.
8. Martin S. Pernick, "Back from the Grave: Recurring Controversies over Defining and Diagnosing Death in History," in Death: Beyond Whole-Brain Criteria, ed. Richard M. Zaner (Boston: Kluwer, 1988), 17-74.
9. See Electrician 21 (May 11,1888): 2. 21 (May 11,1888):
10. Kemmler Hearings, 250-52.
11. Ibid., 278.
12. Ibid., 60-66.
13. Ibid., 382.
14. Quotations from ibid., 978, 581. On Rockwell's testimony, also see the clippings in the A. D. Rockwell Notebook-Scrapbook, Bakken Library. For further comment about the cause of electrical death, see Electrician 21 (June 8,1888): 155; Edwin J. Houston, "On Death by the Electric Current," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Association 25 (1888): 127-29; Philip E. Donlin, "The Pathology of Death by Electricity," Medico-Legal Journal 7 (1888-89): 470-85; Harold P. Brown, "The New Instrument of Execution," North American Review 149 (November 1889): 586-93.
15. Kemmler Hearings, 882-84.
16. Ibid., 24-27.
17. Ibid., 47-48.
18. Ibid., lxxxiii.
19. Ibid., 125. On Pope's death, see Hughes, Networks of Power, 106.
20. New York Times, July 12,1889.
21. New York Sun, July 12,1889.
22. Kemmler Hearings, 1016-17; New York Evening Post, July 12, 16, 1889; New York Sun, July 13,1889; A. E. Kennelly, "The Law of Probability of Error as Applied to the Observed Electrical Resistance of the Human Body," Electrical World 14 (August 3,1889): 73-74.
23. Quotation from New York World, July 16,1889. Apparently Hale's only further participation in the matter was as author of an article, "The Kemmler Case," Albany Law Journal 41 (May 10,1890): 364-67. Also see New York Evening Post, July 9, 17,1889; New York World, July 10,1889.
24. Kemmler Hearings, 372, 391-96.
25. Quotations from New York Sun, July 24, 1889; Harold Brown to Samuel Insull, July 17,1889 (TAEM 126:50).
26. New York Times, July 24,1889; New York Daily Graphic, July 23,1889.
27. Kemmler Hearings, 623-64.
28. Ibid., 628-36.
29. New York Sun, July 24,1889.
30. On Cockran's sarcasm, see New York Times, July 24,1889.
31. Kemmler Hearings, 644-45.
32. Electrical Review, 14 (Aug. 3,1889): 2.
33. Kemmler Hearings, 652-53.
34. New York World, July 24,1889.
35. Quotations from New York World, July 25,1889; Albany Journal, July 23,1889 (TAEM 146:464).
CHAPTER 15. THE UNMASKING OF HAROLD BROWN
1. Quotations from Kemmler Hearings, 25; New York Sun, August 25,1889, letter #2.
2. Quotation from New York Sun, August