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wisdom and public silence'. While South Africa and Canada had shown a readiness to put up with this guarded approach when it suited them, even before the game of chance really got started Australia and New Zealand had shown that they seemed determined to take the opposite line.36 The exertions shown by each of them in the war enhanced their national pride and, by something of a paradox, eroded imperial unity. An alliance that had started the war as 'Dominions' had ended it as a 'British Commonwealth', and in the process an Empire had been lost.

Notes

*All references to archive documents are taken from the National Archives, Kew, unless otherwise stated.

Notes to Introduction: A Special Relationship

1 Psalm 48:12, the injunction to which Mansergh was apparently mindful when undertaking his study; Nicholas Mansergh, Survey of British Commonwealth Affairs: Problems of Wartime Cooperation and Post-War Change, 1939-1952 (London, 1958), p. xvi.

2 Mansergh, Survey of British Commonwealth Affairs: Problems of External Policy, 1931-39 (London, 1952); Mansergh, Documents and Speeches on British Commonwealth Affairs 1931-1952: Vols. 1&2 (London, 1953); W. K. Hancock, 'Nicholas Mansergh: Some Recollections and Reflections' in Norman Hillmer (ed.), The First British Commonwealth: Essays in Honour of Nicholas Mansergh (London, 1980), pp. 3-9; Ronald Hyam, '(Philip) Nicholas Seton Mansergh (1910-1991)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography; Kenneth E. Miller, 'Book Review, The Journal of Politics (Vol. 21, No. 3; August 1959), pp. 549-51; K. C. Wheare, International Affairs (Vol. 35, No. 2; April 1959), p. 227.

3 John Darwin, 'A Third British Empire? The Dominion Idea in British Politics' in Judith M. Brown and Wm. Roger Louis (eds), The Oxford History of the British Empire: Volume IV- The Twentieth Century (Oxford, 1999), pp. 64-87 [hereafter 'OHBE4']; W. David McIntyre, 'The Strange Death of Dominion Status' in Robert D. King and Robert Kilson (eds), The Statecraft of British Imperialism: Essays in Honour of Wm. Roger Louis (London, 1999) pp. 193-5; Fred Nash, '"Salutem adferre reipublicae" (Cicero): The Dominion Concept and the Empire', BISA/PSA Political Science Group Workshop Conference, July 1998.

4 John Darwin, 'The Fear of Falling: British Politics and Imperial Decline Since 1900', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society (Vol. 36, 1986), pp. 28-9.

5 A. P. Thornton, 'The Transformation of the Commonwealth and the "Special Relationship"' in Wm. Roger Louis and Hedley Bull (eds), The 'Special Relationship': Anglo-American Relations since 1945 (Oxford, 1986), p. 367.

6 Bill Nasson, Britannia's Empire: Making a British World (Stroud, 2004), pp. 164-70.

7 John Gallagher, The Decline, Revival and Fall of the British Empire (Cambridge, 2004), p. 141.

8 'Migration within the Empire', 24 May 1944, House of Lords Official Report (Vol. 81), pp. 931-41.

9 H. Duncan Hall, 'The British Commonwealth of Nations', The American Political Science Review (Vol. 47, No.4; December 1953), pp. 997-1015.

10 Denis Judd, 'Britain: Land Beyond Hope and Glory?', History Today (April 1999), pp. 18-24; David Cannadine, Ornamentalism: How the British Saw Their Empire (London, 2002); Cannadine, 'Ornamentalism', History Today (May 2001), pp. 12-19; Bernard Porter, The Absent-Minded Imperialists: Empire, Society and Culture in Britain (Oxford, 2004); Porter, 'What Did They Know of Empire', History Today (October 2004), pp. 42-8.

11 Clair Wills, That Neutral Island (London, 2007); T. Ryle Dwyer, Irish Neutrality and the USA, 1939-1947 (Dublin, 1977); Donal O'Drisceoil, 'Neither Friend nor Foe? Irish Neutrality in the Second World War' (Book Review), Contemporary European History (Vol. 15, No. 2; 2006), pp. 245-53.

12 'Constitutional Relations between the United Kingdom and the Dominions', Note prepared by Charles Dixon, August 1946, DO35/1112.

13 Dierdre McMahon, 'Ireland and the Empire-Commonwealth, 1900-1948', in OHBE4, pp. 155-8; Mansergh, Problems of External Policy, pp. 270-328.

14 'The Neutrality of Eire', Memorandum by Eden, 16