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48 'Index of HC Meetings', DO121/5.
49 'Minutes of a meeting to discuss security', 5 August 1939, DO35/548D/3/126.
50 Inskip to Lord Chatfield, 23 August 1939, CAB21/2464.
51 HCM, 22 August 1939, DO121/5; Dairy, 23 August 1939, Lord Hankey Papers (Churchill College) HNKY1/7; Diary, 25 August 1939, Sir Thomas Inskip Papers (Churchill College) INKP; 'Index of HC Meetings', DO121/5; 'Germany and Great Britain, Settlement', note by Massey, 31 August
1939, Massey Family Papers (Library and Archives Canada).
52 Clark to Harding, 24 August 1939, DO114/98; minute by Hadow, 9 August 1939, FO371/23964.
53 Andrew Crozier, Appeasement and Germany's Last Bid for Colonies (London, 1988); D. C. Watt, 'South African Attempts to Mediate Between Britain and Germany, 1935-1938' in Bourne and Watt (eds), Studies in International History (London, 1967); Albert Grundlingh, 'The King's Afrikaners? Enlistment and Ethnic Identity in the Union of South Africa's Defence Force During the Second World War, 1939-45', Journal of African History (Vol. 40; 1999), pp. 353-4; Van der Heever, Hertzog, pp. 278-3.
54 Minute by Scott, 31 August 1939, FO371/23965.
55 Deneys Reitz, No Outspan (London, 1943), p. 237.
56 A document discovered in Berlin in 1945 by Allied investigators revealed that Hertzog had considered accepting German offers to negotiate about the future of South West Africa in 1937/38. Although he had kept the DO informed, the post-war department was worried about what effect the news might have on imperial relations and suppressed the information; DO35/1517/211/1.
57 Chamberlain to Clark (Telegram), 3 September 1939, FO371/23964.
58 Smuts to Gillett, 28 September 1939, cited in Hancock, Smuts, p. 314.
59 High Commission (Pretoria) to DO, 29 August 1939, FO371/23964.
60 Thornton, The Imperial Idea and its Enemies (London, 1959), p. 323.
61 Andrew Stewart, 'The South African Neutrality Crisis', English Historical Review (Vol. CXXIII, No. 503; August 2008); Duncan was left distraught at what had happened and what it would mean for his country. Smuts had prevailed but the Dominion was now split on racial and political lines. When the Governor-General died only a few year's later, tributes from all sides of the political spectrum were sincere and fulsome, but for some months after the crisis he had been publicly reviled by the worst elements within the Nationalist ranks. This was because as the King's agent he remained firmly loyal to the Crown he represented despite his previous political career and natural allegiances. Duncan to Lady Duncan, 4 September 1939, Duncan Papers; The Round Table (No. 117, December 1939), pp. 200-14; Harlech to DO, 20 July 1943, DO35/1120.
62 Chamberlain's old friend in Cape Town, Abe Bailey, wrote to him twice in the first part of 1940 in extravagant praise of Smuts, 'he has proved the saviour of South Africa—goodness only knows what would have happened here'. The answer to his question would come some years later following the war's end. Sir Abe Bailey to Chamberlain, 3 February 1940, Neville Chamberlain Papers (University of Birmingham), NC7/11/33/15; ibid., Sir Abe Bailey to Chamberlain, 1 April
1940, NC7/11/33/16.
63 H. V. Hodson, 'British Foreign Policy and the Dominions', Foreign Affairs (Vol. 17; July 1939), pp. 753-63; H. V. Hodson, 'Collective Security and Empire Defence', United Empire (Vol. 30; 1939), pp. 745-7; Eric Siepmann, 'The Neutrality of South Africa', The Nineteenth Century (September 1939), pp. 279-94; Duncan Hall, 'The British Commonwealth of Nations at War' in Duncan Hall and Elliot, The British Commonwealth at War, pp. 19-27; ibid., Lucretia Ilsley, 'The Union of South
Africa in the War', pp. 426-32; Geoffrey Cox, 'The Commonwealth' in Arnold Toynbee and Veronica Toynbee (eds), Survey of International Affairs 1939-1946: The Initial Triumph of the Axis (London, 1958), pp. 300-3; Ovendale, The English Speaking Alliance, p. 5; Ovendale, 'Britain, the Dominions and the Coming of the Second World War, 1933-9' in Wolfgang