Empire Lost - Andrew Stewart [156]
85 Headlam Diaries, 10 March 1942/pp. 302-3.
86 Minute by Machtig, 31 August 1942, DO35/1010; ibid., Attlee to Churchill, 2 September 1942; Churchill to Attlee, 6 September 1942.
87 Robert Menzies, 'This is What Australians are Thinking', Daily Express, 7 April 1942.
88 Cross to Attlee, 16 September 1942, DO35/1010.
89 G. M. Brown, 'Attitudes to an Invasion of Australia in 1942', RUSI Journal (Vol. 122, No. 1; March 1977), pp. 27-31; Air Commodore A. D. Garrisson, 'Darwin 1942', Australian Defence Force Journal (No. 122; January/February 1997), pp. 41-77. Overall 64 Japanese air attacks were
conducted against Darwin, the last of these in mid-November 1943 but it is the first which is most remembered.
90 'South Australia Bans Horse-Racing', The Times, 26 February 1942. In South Africa also petrol rationing, trial blackouts and the curtailment of long distance rail services were all seen as responses to Japanese penetration into the Indian Ocean; 'Defence Measures in South Africa', The Times, 13 March 1942.
91 Noel Annan, 'How Wrong Was Churchill?', The New York Review of Books, 8 April 1993 (Vol. 40, No. 7); Gilbert, Road to Victory, p. 128; Andrew Stewart, '"The Klopper Affair": Anglo-South African Relations and the Surrender of the Tobruk Garrison', Twentieth Century British History (Vol. 17 No. 4, 2006), pp. 516-54.
92 Auchinleck to Alanbrooke, 25 July 1942, Alanbrooke Papers (Liddell Hart Archives), 6/D/4f/E; 'Notes on Freyberg and Auchinleck', n.d. (July 1955?), Liddell Hart Papers, LH1/242/417.
93 'Notes on Alanbrooke, Churchill and Tobruk', 3 April 1957, LH1/242/429; Dorman-Smith described Dominions troops as 'semi-independent expeditionary forces ... whose commanders had a definite responsibility to remote Dominion governments'; Dorman-Smith to Liddell Hart, 15 April ??, LH1/242/370.
Notes to Chapter 9: Holding the Imperial Line
1 John Deane Potter, Fiasco: The Break-out of the German Battleships (New York, 1970).
2 'The Dieppe Raid', The Times, 20 August 1942; 'Dieppe and Cherbourg—Experience Gained from Landings', The Times, 5 August 1944; General Denis Whitaker and Shelagh Whitaker, Dieppe: Tragedy to Triumph (London, 1992), pp. 23-8; C. G. Roland, 'On The Beach and In The Bag: The Fate of the Dieppe Casualties Left Behind', Canadian Military History (Vol. 9, No. 4), pp. 6-25; C. P. Stacy, The Canadian Army, 1939-1945 (Ottawa, 1948), p. 80.
3 Cited in Roger Louis, Imperialism at Bay, p. 200 and Gilbert, Churchill: A Life (London, 1992), p. 734; according to John Charmley such rejoinders were, by this stage, pointless as 'the Empire was already on the way to liquidation, with the Americans taking the role of receiver to the bankrupt concern', Charmley, End of Glory, p. 431.
4 'Debate on the Address', 12/18 November 1942 and 2/3 December 1942, House of Commons Official Report (Vol. 385), pp. 134-8, 201-2, 265-7, 293-4, 398-9.
5 'Dominion Prime Ministers (Cooperation)-Oral Answers', 11 June 1941, House of Commons Official Report (Vol. 372), pp. 187-9; the exchange included one of Churchill's more celebrated rejoinders. When assured by Granville that he was trying to hinder the prime minister in the conduct of the war but was 'merely following the writings and precepts of Winston Churchill', the prime minister responded, 'I am afraid that at times that gentleman was very annoying'.
6 'Dominion High Commissioners (War Meetings)-Oral Answers', 24 June 1941, House of Commons Official Report (Vol. 372), pp. 936-7; 'Empire and United States-Oral Answers', 22 July 1941, House of Commons Official Report (Vol. 373), pp. 761-2; 'Empire War Collaboration-Oral Answers', 9 September 1941, House of Commons Official Report (Vol. 374), pp. 28-9; Churchill was still being asked much the same questions by these two as late as February 1944.
7 'War Situation', 20 May 1942, House of Commons Official Report (Vol. 380), pp. 290-2.
8 Graham Stewart, His Finest Hours: The War Speeches of Winston Churchill (London, 2007), pp. 299-301.