Empire Lost - Andrew Stewart [163]
15 Minute by Machtig, 9 January 1945, DO35/1236; ibid., minute by Cranborne, 14 January 1945; Boyd-Shannon, 'British Commonwealth Delegations to Chicago Conference, November 1944', n.d. (December 1944).
16 Minute by Boyd-Shannon, 2 April 1945, DO35/1891; 'After Chicago', The Round Table (No. 138; March 1945), pp. 130-6.
17 E. J. Hughes, 'Winston Churchill and the Formation of the United Nations Organisation', Journal of Contemporary History (Vol. 9, No. 4; October 1974), p. 193.
Adam Roberts, 'Britain and the Creation of the United Nations' in Roger Louis (ed.) Still More Adventures with Britannia (London, 2003), p. 231; Hughes, 'Winston Churchill and the Formation of the United Nations Organisation', p. 193; Memoirs of Lord Gladwyn (London, 1972), pp. 118, 121-2; 'Something for a Name', Time, 6 July 1942—the name was first used officially on January 1, 1942, when 26 states joined in the 'Declaration by the United Nations', pledging to continue their joint war effort and not to make peace separately.
'Proposed Four-Power Declaration', Memorandum by the Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs,
WP(43)412, 22 September 1943, CAB66/41/12.
Woodward, British Foreign Policy in the Second World War, pp. 135-72.
Op. cit., Woodward, pp. 282-300.
Holmes to Stephenson, 2 April 1945, DO35/1891.
Cranborne to Churchill, 7 December 1944, DO121/10A.
Ibid., Cranborne to Churchill, 2 April 1945.
Ibid., minute by Cranborne, 23 March 1945.
'British Commonwealth Meeting', 4 April 1945, DO35/1213; 'British Commonwealth Meeting
April 1945—Minutes of Meetings and Memoranda', CAB133/325.
Dilks, The Diaries of Sir Alexander Cadogan, 4 and 9 April 1945, pp. 726-7.
Colonel Oliver Stanley, 'International Aspects of Colonial Policy', 21 December 1944, DO35/1900;
this document was produced by the CO with the DO being allowed to see drafts at various stages
but not being invited to comment.
Ibid., Churchill to Eden, 31 December 1944; Eden to Churchill, 8 January 1945. Roger Louis, Imperialism at Bay, pp. 455-8; describing this intervention Louis opined that 'rhetorically it must rank high in the annals of British imperialism as an extemporaneous and uninhibited defence of the Empire'.
'International Aspects of Colonial Policy', Memorandum by Secretary of State for the Colonies, 19 March 1945, CAB66/63/55.
'International Aspects of Colonial Policy', Memorandum by the Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs (as Chairman of the British Commonwealth Meetings on World Organisation), 10 April 1945, CAB66/64/28.
'Note on Trusteeship for Mr Bottomley by Mr Boyd-Shannon', 15 October 1946, DO35/1912. William Hardy McNeill, Survey of International Affairs: America, Britain and Russia—Their Cooperation and Conflict, 1941-1946 (London, 1953), pp. 592-4.
Minute by Butler, 31 August 1944, FO371/38721; 'Note of conditions of appointment of Mr B. Cockram on attachment to HM's United Kingdom Embassy, Washington', 3 November 1944. Minute by Machtig, 12 July 1945, DO35/1884. Ibid., Cockram to Machtig, 28 April 1945. Ibid., Cockram to Stephenson, 15 May 1945.
'International Aspects of Colonial Policy', Memorandum by the Secretary of State for the Colonies, WP(45)300, 14 May 1945, CAB66/65/50.
Cockram to Stephenson, 15 May 1945, DO35/1884. He was not alone in this view, Cadogan
agreed, Evatt was 'the most frightful man in the world; he makes long and tiresome speeches on
every conceivable subject, always advocating the wrong things and generally with a view to being
inconvenient and offensive to us, and boosting himself. However, everyone by now hates Evatt
so much that his stock has gone down a bit and he matters less'; Dilks (ed.), The Diaries of Sir
Alexander Cadogan, 21 May 1945, p. 745.
Smuts, Jan Christian Smuts, pp. 474-5, 482-3.
Cockram to Stephenson, 2 June 1945, DO35/1884.
Ibid., Cockram to Stephenson, 16 June 1945.
Cockram to Gladwyn Jebb, 20 March 1945, DO35/1891.
Paul Hasluck,