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By Root 1455 0

Beinecke Library, Yale University, Huntington Library, San Marino, California, the British Library in London, the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich, the Nelson Museum in Monmouth, the Bodleian Library, Oxford, and the Fitzwilliam Library, Cambridge, as well as record offices across the country, and also in private collections. If a letter has been cited but not footnoted, this is because it is in a private collection, seen with the very kind courtesy of the owner, or printed in The Collection of Letters and Historical Documents formed by Alfred Morrison, the Hamilton and Nelson Papers, edited by Alfred Morrison, two volumes (privately printed, 1893-4); or the Dispatches and Letters of Vice-Admiral Lord Nelson by Sir Nicolas Harris Nicolas, seven volumes (London, 1844–46), and the originals have been lost.

Abbreviations are: BL: British Library Manuscript Room. Hundreds of Emma documents are contained in the sixteen Egerton volumes of correspondence between Maria Carolina and Emma, as well as the Egerton collection of Nelson's letters to Emma, and there are hundreds more, chiefly in the ninety bound volumes of Additional MSS, 34902-34992, between Nelson and his wife, and within the Nelson family, and also the Additional MS collection of William Hamilton correspondence, as well as the papers of St. Vincent and the Althorp MS papers of the Spencer family. NMM: National Maritime Museum Greenwich. More than two thousand Emma documents are contained in the Nelson-Ward (NWD), Bridport (BRP), Trafalgar (TRA), Davison (DAV), Keith (KEI), Girdlestone (GIR), and Matcham (MAM) collections, as well as in the Letterbooks (LBK). PRO: Public Record Office, Kew. The letters from William Hamilton to the Foreign Office, and also to Charles Greville, contained in thirteen volumes, FO 70, 1-13, covering the period 1780 to 1800, have proved an invaluable source, along with the prison record books, PRIS. Monmouth: The Nelson Museum, Monmouth. More than eight hundred letters and documents, most unpublished and many throwing much new light on Emma. Bodleian: Bodleian Library, Oxford; Fitzwilliam: Fitzwilliam Library, Cambridge; Wellcome: Wellcome Library for the History of Science and Medicine, London; Beinecke: Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University; Hough-ton: Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Harvard University; Huntington: Huntington Library, San Marino, California.

CHAPTER 1

1. William Mortimer, History of the Hundred of Wirral (Manchester, 1972), p. 65.

CHAPTER 2

1. Nathaniel Spencer, The Complete English Traveller (London, 1771), p. 412.

CHAPTER 3

1. National Library of Wales, PA 1605-30. See also Flintshire Record Office, D/HA/312, 599, 601.

CHAPTER 4

1. Dr. Thomas was buried in 1805 at the age of seventy-six.

2. Samuel and Sarah Adams, The Complete Servant (London, 1825), p. 258.

3. It is said that the family used her as a model for their drawings—although there is no evidence for this—and if so, perhaps she had become too friendly with her new employers.

4. The Carlton House Magazine, April 1793.

CHAPTER 5

1. At this date, London was just bigger than the other world cities: Peking and Edo, modern-day Tokyo.

2. Sophie von la Roche, “Diary for 1786,” in Sophie in London, ed. Clare Williams (London, 1933), p. 141.

CHAPTER 6

1. Johann Wilhelm von Archenholz, A Picture of England (London, 1791), p. 191.

2. Henry Fielding, An Enquiry into the Causes of the Late Increase of Robbers (London, 1751), p. 10.

3. Pierre Grosley A Tour to London (London, 1772), I:75.

4. Anon., A Present for Servants from their Ministers, Masters or other Friends, eighth edition (London, 1768), p. 17.

5. As Emma's later portraits by Romney show exquisitely pale hands, one has to question how hard she scrubbed the hearths and saucepans at Chatham Place.

6. Town and Country Magazine, April 1777, p. 186.

CHAPTER 7

1. Fielding, Late Increase of Robbers, p. 76.

2. Anon., Authentic Memoirs of the Green Room (London, 1801), pp. 184–85.

3. Anon., The Secret History of the Green