ESSAYS-1 [135]
attending this preparation is amply repaid by the improvement of the fuel. The coals, thus mixed with the clay, not only burn longer, but give much more heat than when they are burnt in their crude state.
It will doubtless appear extraordinary to those who have not considered the subject with some attention, that the quantity of heat produced in the combustion of any quantity of coals should be increased by mixing the coals with clay, which is certainly an incombustible body;--but the phenomenon may, I think, be explained in a satisfactory manner.
The heat generated in the combustion of any small particle of coal existing under two distinct forms, namely, in that which is COMBINED with the flame and smoke which rise from the fire, and which if means are not found to stop it, goes off immediately by the Chimney and is lost,--and the RADIANT HEAT which is sent off from the fire, in all directions in right lines:--I think it reasonable to conclude, that the particles of clay which are surrounded on all sides by the flame arrest a part at least of the combined heat, and prevent its escape; and this combined heat, so arrested, heating the clay red hot, is retained in it, and being changed by this operation to radiant heat, is afterwards emitted, and may be directed, and employed to useful purposes.
In composing fire balls, I think it probable that a certain proportion of chaff--of straw cut very fine, or even saw dust, might be employed with great advantage. I wish those who have leisure would turn their thoughts to this subject, for I am persuaded that very important improvements would result from a thorough investigation of it.
CONTENTS of ESSAY V.
A SHORT ACCOUNT of SEVERAL PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS Lately formed in Bavaria. together with the APPENDIX to the FIRST VOLUME.
Account I A Short Account of the military academy at munich
Account II An account of the means used to improve the bread of horses, and horned cattle, in Bavaria and the Palatinate.
Account III An account of the measures adopted for putting an end to usury at Munich.
Account IV An account of a scheme for employing the soldiery in Bavaria in repairing the highways and public roads.
APPENDIX
No. I Address and petition to all inhabitants and citizens of Munich, in the name of the real poor and distressed.
No. II Subscription lists distributed among the inhabitants of Munich, in the month of January 1790, when the establishment for the relief of the poor in that city was formed.
No. III An account of the receipts and expenditures of the institution for the poor at Munich during five years.
No. IV Certificate relative to the expence of fuel in the public kitchen of the military workhouse at Munich.
No. V Printed form for the descriptions of the poor.
No. VI Printed form for spin-tickets, such as are used at the military workhouse at Munich.
No. VII An Account of experiments made at the bakehouse of the military workhouse at Munich, November the 4th and 5th, 1794.
No. VIII Account of the persons in the house of industry in Dublin the 30th of April 1796, and of the details of the manner and expence of feeding them.
No. IX An account of an experiment made (under the direction of the author,) in the kitchen of the house of industry at Dublin, in cooking for the poor.
ESSAY V.
A short Account of the MILITARY ACADEMY at MUNICH.
Though it is certain that too much learning is rather disadvantageous than otherwise to the lower classes of the people;--that the introduction of a spirit of philosophical investigation,--literary amusement,--and metaphysical speculation among those who are destined by fortune to gain their livelihood by the sweat of their brow, rather tends to make them discontented and unhappy, than to contribute any thing to their real comfort and enjoyments; yet there appears, now and then, a native genius in the most humble stations, which it would be a pity not to be able to call forth into activity. It was principally with a view to
It will doubtless appear extraordinary to those who have not considered the subject with some attention, that the quantity of heat produced in the combustion of any quantity of coals should be increased by mixing the coals with clay, which is certainly an incombustible body;--but the phenomenon may, I think, be explained in a satisfactory manner.
The heat generated in the combustion of any small particle of coal existing under two distinct forms, namely, in that which is COMBINED with the flame and smoke which rise from the fire, and which if means are not found to stop it, goes off immediately by the Chimney and is lost,--and the RADIANT HEAT which is sent off from the fire, in all directions in right lines:--I think it reasonable to conclude, that the particles of clay which are surrounded on all sides by the flame arrest a part at least of the combined heat, and prevent its escape; and this combined heat, so arrested, heating the clay red hot, is retained in it, and being changed by this operation to radiant heat, is afterwards emitted, and may be directed, and employed to useful purposes.
In composing fire balls, I think it probable that a certain proportion of chaff--of straw cut very fine, or even saw dust, might be employed with great advantage. I wish those who have leisure would turn their thoughts to this subject, for I am persuaded that very important improvements would result from a thorough investigation of it.
CONTENTS of ESSAY V.
A SHORT ACCOUNT of SEVERAL PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS Lately formed in Bavaria. together with the APPENDIX to the FIRST VOLUME.
Account I A Short Account of the military academy at munich
Account II An account of the means used to improve the bread of horses, and horned cattle, in Bavaria and the Palatinate.
Account III An account of the measures adopted for putting an end to usury at Munich.
Account IV An account of a scheme for employing the soldiery in Bavaria in repairing the highways and public roads.
APPENDIX
No. I Address and petition to all inhabitants and citizens of Munich, in the name of the real poor and distressed.
No. II Subscription lists distributed among the inhabitants of Munich, in the month of January 1790, when the establishment for the relief of the poor in that city was formed.
No. III An account of the receipts and expenditures of the institution for the poor at Munich during five years.
No. IV Certificate relative to the expence of fuel in the public kitchen of the military workhouse at Munich.
No. V Printed form for the descriptions of the poor.
No. VI Printed form for spin-tickets, such as are used at the military workhouse at Munich.
No. VII An Account of experiments made at the bakehouse of the military workhouse at Munich, November the 4th and 5th, 1794.
No. VIII Account of the persons in the house of industry in Dublin the 30th of April 1796, and of the details of the manner and expence of feeding them.
No. IX An account of an experiment made (under the direction of the author,) in the kitchen of the house of industry at Dublin, in cooking for the poor.
ESSAY V.
A short Account of the MILITARY ACADEMY at MUNICH.
Though it is certain that too much learning is rather disadvantageous than otherwise to the lower classes of the people;--that the introduction of a spirit of philosophical investigation,--literary amusement,--and metaphysical speculation among those who are destined by fortune to gain their livelihood by the sweat of their brow, rather tends to make them discontented and unhappy, than to contribute any thing to their real comfort and enjoyments; yet there appears, now and then, a native genius in the most humble stations, which it would be a pity not to be able to call forth into activity. It was principally with a view to