Evicted From Eternity_ The Restructuring of Modern Rome - Michael Herzfeld [217]
6. The plans date from 1882-1883, 1906, 1908, 1909, 1931, 1962, 1967, 1997 (a revision of the 1967 plan), and 2000 (a draft).
7. Berdini 2000.
8. Berdini 2000, 64, 89-90. For a detailed, micro-historical analysis of one important phase from this perspective, see Bocquet 2007. Another study attributes the rapid depopulation of the historical center and the massive growth of the suburbs, as well as the negative consequences for both, to Rome's "provincial satisfaction of calling itself a metropolis for the sole purpose of counting its inhabitants in millions" (Italia Nostra 1976, 16l -a striking instance of the capital's paradoxical image as fundamentally a provincial, marginal place. That image acquired a sense of concrete reality through the early decision, promulgated as soon as Rome became the capital of Italy, to prevent it from developing a significant industrial infrastructure (Bocquet 2007, 4.5).
9. For a useful preliminary account of her position on the cultural politics of the archaeology of Italy, see Andreina Ricci 1996.
to. Berdini 2000, 51.
1 i. Insolera 2001, 129. He also quotes an enthusiast of the Fascist regime who asked, "Who could have imagined that [the new road] could have been traced out in a straight line like a legionnaire's sword? " (129).
12. On romanitd, see the useful discussion in Gillette 2002, 54-5 5. This concept had strongly racial implications in Mussolini's usage, which contributed both to its subsequent decline and to its evocation by various extreme-right groups today.
13. Berdini 2000, 38, 130.
14. Legge 9 dicembre 1998, n. 431 ("Discipline delle locazioni e del rilascio degli immobili adibiti ad use abitativo," Gazzetta Uf ficiale n. 292 del i 5 dicembre 1998- Supplemento Ordinario n. 203/L, IV.8.1. The law also permitted a shorter-term agreement that was subject to more stringent rent controls. A proprietor could now refuse to renew a contract, even after the first four years, for a wide variety of reasons, mostly concerning proprietors' and their immediate families' economic viability.
15. See especially Giustiniani 1982, 25-33. Giustiniani was then a young journalist with 11 Messaggero, a newspaper with a predominantly Roman constituency-but ironically also one of the newspapers Berdini charges with complaisance toward the Rutelli administration's flawed approach to planning.
16. Law 432/98, article 3e; article 39 stipulates that proprietors may refuse to renew a contract if they intend to sell the building and do not possess other properties except for their own homes.
17. This is why I prefer not to use the terms "legal culture" and "political culture" (see especially Nelken 2004 and Kavanagh 1972, respectively; but cf. Kapferer 1988); while recognizing the larger socio-cultural context of legal and political practice is important, the fact that many of the formal models originate outside their immediate national contexts (see, e.g., Pollis 1987) makes a more finely tuned set of distinctions desirable-although, to be sure, even foreign-trained legislators remain answerable to local values.
18. Mirri 1996, 34.
19. This remark recalls a Greek observation to the effect that nothing is more permanent than the provisional (Herzfeld 1991, 25o).
20. During Pope Benedict's first visit to his native Cologne after assuming the papacy, indulgences were issued to anyone who attended his homily; see "Indulgenze per chi va a Colonia" and Agostino