Fast Food Nation - Eric Schlosser [169]
15 “I’m in business for myself now”: Karcher interview.
the population of southern California nearly tripled: Cited in McWilliams, Southern California, p. 14.
About 80 percent of the population: Cited ibid., p. 165.
16 about a million cars in Los Angeles: Cited ibid., p. 236.
Lobbyists from the oil, tire, and automobile industries: See Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier, pp. 163–68.
General Motors secretly began to purchase: For the story of the American trolley’s demise, see Kwitny, “The Great Transportation Conspiracy”; Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier, pp. 168–71; and Goddard, Getting There, pp. 120–37. For a contrary view, much more benign toward General Motors, see Martha J. Bianco, “Technological Innovation and the Rise and Fall of Urban Mass Transit,” Journal of Urban History, March 1999.
17 “People with cars are so lazy”: Quoted in Witzel, American Drive-In, p. 24.
“circular meccas of neon”: Ibid., p. 47.
18 “fabulous boom”: McWilliams, The Great Exception, p. 233.
federal government spent nearly $20 billion… federal spending was responsible for nearly half: Cited in White, Your Misfortune, p. 498.
the second-largest manufacturing center: Ibid., p. 498.
the focus of the local economy: Ibid., p. 515.
19 “Worship as you are”: Quoted in Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier, p. 264.
the fastest-growing city: Cited in Wescott, Anaheim, p. 71.
Richard and Maurice McDonald: For the story of the McDonald brothers, I have relied on Kroc, Grinding It Out; McDonald, Complete Hamburger; Love, Behind the Arches; Tennyson, Hamburger Heaven; Boas and Chain, Big Mac.
20 “Imagine — No Car Hops”: The ad is reprinted in Tennyson, Hamburger Heaven, p. 62.
“Working-class families”: Love, Behind the Arches, p. 41.
21 The same year the McDonald brothers opened: For the founding of the Hell’s An-gels and the fiftieth anniversary celebration, see Phillip W. Browne, “Ventura Event a ‘Milestone’ for Hell’s Angels,” Ventura County Star, March 15, 1998.
“They get angry when they read”: Hunter S. Thompson, Hell’s Angels: A Strange and Terrible Saga (New York: Ballantine Books, 1995), p. 45.
22 impressed by Adolf Hitler’s Reichsautobahn: See Goddard, Getting There, p. 181;
“1956: Interstate,” Business Week: 100 Years of Innovation, Summer 1999. 46,000 miles of road: “1956: Interstate.”
“Our food was exactly the same”: George Clark, one of the founders of Burger Queen, made this admission. Quoted in Luxenberg, Roadside Empires, p. 76.
William Rosenberg: For the story of Dunkin’ Donuts, see Luxenberg, Roadside Empires, pp. 18–20.
Glenn W. Bell, Jr.: For the story of Taco Bell, see Love, Behind the Arches, pp. 267; Jakle and Sculle, Fast Food, pp. 257–58.
Keith G. Cramer: For the story of Burger King, see McLamore, The Burger King.
Dave Thomas: For the story of Wendy’s, see Thomas, Dave’s Way.
23 Thomas S. Monaghan: For the story of Domino’s, see Monaghan, Pizza Tiger.
Harland Sanders: For the story of KFC, see Sanders, Life As I Have Known It; and Whitworth, “Kentucky Fried.”
“not to call a no-good, lazy”: Sanders, Life As I Have Known It, p. 141.
24 The Motormat: See Witzel, American Drive-In, p. 121.
the Biff-Burger chain: See Tennyson, Hamburger Heaven, p. 73.
“Miracle Insta Machines”: See McLamore, The Burger King, photo insert between pp. 126 and 127.
25 one of the largest privately owned fast food chains: Karcher, Never Stop Dreaming, p. 79.
accused of insider trading: See Karcher, Never Stop Dreaming, pp. 123–24; Bruce Horovitz and Keith Bradsher, “Carl’s Jr. Founder Accused of Insider Trading Scheme,” Los Angeles Times, April 15, 1988; and Richard Martin, “Karchers Pay $664, 000 Fine in Stock Case,” Nation’s Restaurant News, August 7,1989.
25 Carl’s real estate investments proved unwise: My account of Carl Karcher’s financial difficulties is based primarily on my interview with him. I confirmed the details through a variety of printed sources, including “Carl Karcher Board Rejects Founder’s Bid to Take Firm Private,” Wall Street Journal, December