Fast Food Nation - Eric Schlosser [176]
61 Denver’s population is about four times larger: See “Metropolitan Area Population Estimates,” and Terry Cotten, “Springs Council Adopts Budget,” Denver Post, November 29, 1999.
about one-fifth of the city’s housing sat vacant: Cited in Markusen et al., Rise of the Gunbelt, p. 178.
a direct capital investment of $30 million: Ibid., p. 178.
62 nearly half the jobs in Colorado Springs: Interview with Rocky Scott, president of the Greater Colorado Springs Economic Development Corporation.
“In Your Face from Outer Space”: The unit is the U.S. Air Force Space Warfare Center.
the rate of union membership: Cited in “Colorado Springs: The Pikes Peak Region,” Greater Colorado Springs Development Agency, 1997.
Hoiles was politically conservative: See James S. Granelli, “The Fight for Freedom Newspapers,” Los Angeles Times, November 17, 1985.
advocates spanking disobedient children: See Dobson, The New Dare to Discipline, pp. 1–7, 50, 64.
generates much larger annual revenues: See Alexander-Moegerle, Dobson’s War on America, p. 13.
64 more staunchly Republican than the American South: See Valerie Richardson, “Population Flow Upends West’s Politics,” Washington Times, February 28, 1999.
approximately one million people: Cited in William H. Frey, “Immigrant and Native Migrant Magnets,” American Demographics, November 1996. See also William G. Deming, “A decade of economic change and population shifts in U.S. regions,” Monthly Labor Review, November 1996.
“the new white flight”: William H. Frey, “The New White Flight,” American Demographics, April 1994.
about 100,000 people: Cited in Donald Blount, “Colorado’s Pace of Growth Likely to Taper Off in 1999,” Denver Post, February 7, 1999.
ranked forty-ninth in the nation: The ranking, by Education Week magazine in 1998, took into account the state’s per capita spending on schools, cost of living, and personal income. Cited in Janet Bingham, “Schools Get Lower Marks,” Denver Post, January 8, 1999.
three times the number of cars: Cited in Terri Cotten, “Colorado Springs: City Grapples with Gridlock,” Denver Post, May 23,1999.
annual surplus of about $700 million: Cited in Burt Hubbard, “Tax Cut Feeding Frenzy,” Rocky Mountain News, April 18, 1999.
one-third of the surface area: See White, It’s Your Misfortune, p. 550.
65 the largest private employer in the state today: Cited in “1998 Menu of Facts,” Colorado Restaurant Association.
restaurant industry has grown much faster than the population: To determine the rate of growth, I counted the number of restaurants listed in the Colorado Springs Yellow Pages in 1967 and 1997.
66 more than 70 percent of fast food visits: Cited in J. P. Donlon, “Quinlan Fries Harder: Interview with McDonald’s CEO Michael Quinlan,” Chief Executive, January 11, 1998. See also Judith Waldrop, “Most Restaurant Meals Are Bought on Impulse,” American Demographics, February 1994.
66 Ray Kroc flew in a Cessna… McDonald’s later used helicopters: See Kroc, Grinding It Out, p. 176.
one of the world’s leading purchasers of commercial satellite: Interview with Elliott Olson.
“spy on their customers”: William Dunn, “Skycams Drain Floods, Save Lives, Sell Burgers,” American Demographics, July 1992.
68 two-thirds of the nation’s fast food workers: Cited in Robert W. Van Giezen, “Occupational Wages in the Fast Food Industry,” Monthly Labor Review, August 1994; and Alan Liddle, “Diversity at Work: Teenagers,” Nation’s Restaurant News, May 24, 1999.
Business historian Alfred D. Chandler has argued: Alfred D. Chandler, Jr., The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1977), pp. 241–42.
69 The guacamole isn’t made by workers: See Joel Millman,