FDR - Jean Edward Smith [411]
32. United States v. American Tobacco Co., 221 U.S. 106 (1911). For Ledyard’s role in 1907, see Stanley Jackson, J. P. Morgan 272–275 (New York: Stein and Day, 1983); Jean Strouse, Morgan: American Financier 584–589 (New York: HarperCollins, 2000).
33. Standard Oil Co. v. United States, 221 U.S. 1 (1911). Milburn and Ledyard lost back-to-back challenges to the Sherman Antitrust Act in the Supreme Court but then succeeded in reorganizing the two trusts so effectively that the government’s dissolution order was rendered nominal. Shareholders suffered no damage, competition remained minimal, and management was barely affected.
34. Grover Cleveland once said of Milburn, “He usually had a lawbook under his arm in the street and I used to wonder if he was trying to absorb the law through his armpits.” Francis M. Ellis and Edward F. Clark, Jr., A Brief History of Carter, Ledyard & Milburn 30 (Portsmouth, N.H.: Peter E. Randall, 1988).
35. Quoted in Davis, Beckoning Destiny 213.
36. Grenville Clark, “Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1882–1945: Five Harvard Men Pay Tribute to His Memory,” 47 Harvard Alumni Bulletin 452 (April 28, 1945).
37. Cornelius Vanderbilt, Jr., Farewell to Fifth Avenue 245 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1935).
38. Extemporaneous remarks at Vassar College, August 26, 1933, 1 Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt 338, Samuel I. Rosenman, ed. (New York: Random House, 1938).
39. Interview with Edward E. Perkins, quoted in Morgan, FDR 112. Geoffrey Ward suggests that the quote is most likely apocryphal, but compare Allen Churchill, The Roosevelts: American Aristocrats 209 (New York: Harper & Row, 1965); Henry Noble MacCracken, Blithe Dutchess: The Flowering of an American County from 1812 79 (New York: Hastings House, 1958).
40. FDR to L. J. Magenis, August 15, 1928; also see Campaign Expenditures Account in FDR manuscripts, FDRL.
41. Rita Halle Kleeman, Gracious Lady 252 (New York: D. Appleton–Century, 1935).
42. Sara Delano Roosevelt Journal, FDRL.
43. Quoted in Kleeman, Gracious Lady 252–253.
44. Cook, 1 Eleanor Roosevelt 185.
45. ER, Autobiography 63.
46. TR to Bamie (Mrs. Anna Roosevelt Cowles), August 10, 1910, in Theodore Roosevelt, Letters from Theodore Roosevelt to Anna Roosevelt Cowles 289 (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1924). As they grew older, Franklin and TR had what amounted to a two-man mutual admiration society. “I’m so fond of that boy, I’d be shot for him,” Theodore told Sara shortly before his death. Quoted in Kleeman, Gracious Lady 204.
47. In 1884, when Grover Cleveland headed the Democratic ticket, Thomas Jefferson Newbold, a Roosevelt neighbor in Hyde Park, slipped through in a freakish three-man race.
48. Poughkeepsie Eagle, October 7, 1910.
49. 1 Public Papers and Addresses 339.
50. Reminiscences of Harry Hawkey, in Clara L. Dawson to Eleanor Roosevelt, December 13, 1937, FDRL. Also see Morgan H. Hoyt, “Roosevelt Enters Politics,” 1 F.D.R. Collector 3–9 (May 1949).
51. Interview with Thomas Leonard, conducted by George Palmer and Fred Rath, National Park Service, FDRL. Leonard was the third member (with Perkins and Judge Mack) of the Dutchess County Democratic Executive Committee and remained a friend of FDR throughout the president’s life. Tom Leonard always accompanied FDR to the poll in Hyde Park on election day and in 1944 accompanied him there for the last time. Roosevelt had trouble closing the curtain and said, “Tom, the Goddamned thing won’t work.” Time magazine reported the comment, triggering an avalanche of protests from the nation’s clergymen. When asked about the remark, FDR said he had been misquoted. Presidential press conference, November 21, 1944.
52. Interview with Judge John Mack, National Park Service, FDRL.
53. The New York Times, September 5, 1932.
54. Judge John Mack interview, FDRL.
55. Speech at Hudson, N.Y., October 27, 1910, speech file, FDRL.
56. FDR to John Anthony, June 11, 1911, FDRL.
57. Poughkeepsie News-Press, October 22, 1910.
58. Ibid., October 27, 1910.