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urging the independence of Ireland. David Hunter Miller, legal adviser to the American delegation in Paris, noted that the reservations would have no effect upon the League’s structure or function and urged that they be accepted. The text of the Lodge reservations can be found in most diplomatic histories, e.g., Samuel Flagg Bemis, A Diplomatic History of the United States 653 (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1963). The Hunter Miller comment is in Herbert Hoover, The Ordeal of Woodrow Wilson 284 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1958). The best analysis of the Senate debate remains Thomas A. Bailey, Woodrow Wilson and the Great Betrayal (Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1945). Also see John Milton Cooper, Breaking the Heart of the World 234 ff. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001).

47. Transcript, FDR to New York Bar Association, March 8, 1919, FDRL.

48. Transcript, FDR address at Worcester Polytechnic Institute, June 25, 1919, FDRL.

49. FDR speech in Atlantic City, June 21, 1919, in 2 Roosevelt Letters 379–380.

50. Cook, 1 Eleanor Roosevelt 261; Ward, First-Class Temperament 482; Kenneth S. Davis, FDR: The Beckoning of Destiny 591 (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1972).

51. FDR to Judge Henry M. Heymann, December 2, 1919, FDRL.

52. Quoted in Ted Morgan, FDR: A Biography 219 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1985).

53. The Nineteenth Amendment, proposed by Congress on June 4, 1919, became part of the Constitution on August 18, 1920, when it was approved by Tennessee, the thirty-sixth state to do so. As for his support among women, Hoover was endorsed by such household staples as Ladies’ Home Journal and The Saturday Evening Post as well as The New Republic, which called him a “Providential gift to the American people for the office of pilot during the treacherous navigation of the next few years.”

54. Louis B. Wehle, Hidden Threads of History: Wilson Through Roosevelt 81–82 (New York: Macmillan, 1953).

55. FDR to Hugh Gibson, January 2, 1920, FDRL.

56. Wehle, Hidden Threads of History 82.

57. Ibid.

58. ER to SDR, March 7, 1920, FDRL.

59. Herbert Hoover to Frank Freidel, October 11, 1951, quoted in Freidel, Franklin D. Roosevelt: The Ordeal 57 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1954).

60. James K. Libbey, Dear Alben: Mr. Barkley of Kentucky 99 (Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1979).

61. Elliot A. Rosen, “Not Worth a Pitcher of Warm Piss,” in At the President’s Side: The Vice Presidency in the Twentieth Century, Timothy Walch, ed., 45 (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1997).

62. FDR’s friend Tom Lynch somehow got hold of the battered New York standard and in 1932 presented it, suitably inscribed, to FDR, who proudly hung it in his study at Hyde Park where it remains. Interview with John E. Mack, FDRL.

63. Edward George Hoffman, Official Report of the Proceedings of the Democratic National Convention 140–141 (Indianapolis: Bookwalter, Ball, 1920).

64. Grenville Emmett to Langdon Marvin, July 8, 1920. Frances Perkins, The Roosevelt I Knew 27 (New York: Viking, 1946).

65. James Cox, Journey Through My Years 232 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1946).

66. Ibid.

67. Proceedings of the Democratic National Convention 420–450.

68. Josephus Daniels, Wilson Era: Years of War and After 554–555.

69. Lippmann to FDR, July 8, 1920; Hoover to FDR, July 13, 1920; Lane to FDR, July 15, 1920, FDRL.

70. “This is not goodbye,” Franklin wrote Daniels. “That will always be impossible after these years of the closest association. All my life I shall look back—not only to the work of the place—but mostly on the wonderful way in which you and I have gone through these nearly eight years together. You have taught me so wisely and kept my feet on the ground when I was about to skyrocket—and in it all there has never been a real dispute or antagonism or distrust.”

Daniels’s reply was equally heartfelt: “Love at first sight is rare with men, but sometimes I flatter myself in believing that I have some of woman’s intuition, and on the day the President asked me to become Secretary of the Navy I told my wife I would recommend your appointment