• Choose a category
• All
• Classic-Fiction

By Root 1924 0

discussing serious diseases. As Dr. Hugh E. Evans writes, “Illness or its progress was not customarily discussed with patients.… Presidential health matters were assumed to be private, rarely reported frankly or with clinical detail.” The Hidden Campaign: FDR’s Health and the 1944 Election 61 (Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 2002).

29. Bruenn, “Critical Notes” 583.

30. Goodwin, interview with Dr. Bruenn, quoted in No Ordinary Time 498.

31. Bruenn, “Critical Notes” 583–584.

32. FDR to HH, May 18, 1944, FDRL.

33. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear 794.

34. The “fantastic nature” comment was that of Elbridge Durbrow of the State Department’s Division of European Affairs. The “earmarks” notation was by the American legation in Geneva. Durbrow Memorandum, August 13, 1942; Minister Leland Harrison to State, August 11, 1942. Both are quoted in David S. Wyman, The Abandonment of the Jews 43–44 (New York: Pantheon, 1984).

35. Wyman, Abandonment of the Jews 43. Also see Kenneth S. Davis, F.D.R.: The War President 731 (New York: Random House, 2000).

36. Wise to FDR, December 2, 1942, FDRL.

37. In addition to Wise, the group included Maurice Wertheim of the American Jewish Committee; Henry Monsky of B’nai B’rith; Rabbi Israel Rosenberg (Union of Orthodox Rabbis); and Adolph Held (Jewish Labor Committee).

38. Wyman, Abandonment of the Jews 72, quoting Wise, et al., to FDR, December 8, 1942, FDRL.

39. Quoted in Davis, F.D.R.: War President 737.

40. Wyman, Abandonment of the Jews 73.

41. Department of State Bulletin, December 17, 1942; also in The New York Times, December 18, 1942.

42. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear 794–795.

43. Robert N. Rosen, Saving the Jews: Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Holocaust 245–246 (New York: Thunder’s Mouth Press, 2006). When the declaration was read in the House of Commons, the members rose and stood in silence for two minutes, a demonstration of sympathy unprecedented in Parliament’s history. Wyman, Abandonment of the Jews 75.

44. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear 795.

45. Chaim Weizmann, Trial and Error 435 (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1949).

46. Ted Morgan, FDR: A Biography 713 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1985); Rosen, Saving the Jews 290.

47. Cordell Hull, 2 Memoirs 1539 (New York: Macmillan, 1948). The New York Times, March 10, 1944. Hull incorrectly dates the meeting in 1943.

48. The episode is discussed at length in Wyman, Abandonment of the Jews 178–192.

49. Rosen, Saving the Jews 289.

50. Morgenthau diaries (MS), January 15, 1944. Also see Wyman, Abandonment of the Jews 186–187; Rosen, Saving the Jews 338–339.

51. Executive Order 9417, January 22, 1944, 13 Personal Papers and Addresses 48–50.

52. Emanuel Celler to FDR, January 25, 1944, FDRL.

53. Henry Morgenthau, “The Refugee Runaround,” Collier’s, November 1, 1947.

54. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear 795–796.

55. FDR, Statement on Victims of Nazi Oppression, March 24, 1944, 13 Public Papers and Addresses 103–105.

56. Kai Bird, The Chairman: John J. McCloy and the Making of the American Establishment 472–476 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1942); Michael J. Neufeld and Michael Berenbaum, eds., The Bombing of Auschwitz: Should the Allies Have Attempted It? 122–124 (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2000); David S. Wyman, Abandonment of the Jews 410, note 78. After listing the primary sources he consulted, Wyman stated, “An exhaustive search made in 1983 by Washington Post reporter Morton Mintz showed that the bombing proposals almost certainly did not reach Roosevelt and most likely were not discussed at all by OPD [the Operations and Plans Division of the War Department].”Also see Martin Gilbert, Auschwitz and the Allies: A Devastating Account of How the Allies Responded to the News of Hitler’s Mass Murder 299–311 (New York: Henry Holt, 1981).

57. Bird, The Chairman 231–222.

58. General Frederick Anderson to War Department, quoted in Neufeld and Berenbaum, Bombing of Auschwitz 39.

59. Michael Beschloss in The Conquerors maintains that McCloy took the matter of bombing the concentration camps to FDR and that the president rejected it. Beschloss cites