First Salute - Barbara Wertheim Tuchman [185]
For the Yorktown campaign itself two excellent books based on thorough research with well-chosen quotations by the participants, are Thomas J. Fleming’s Beat the Last Drum and Burke Davis’ The Campaign That Won America.
For the long march from the Hudson to Yorktown there are six eyewitness journals of particular interest: by Claude Blanchard, the Commissary or Quartermaster for the French army; by Baron Ludwig von Closen, Aide to General Rochambeau; by Gaspard Gallatin of the French general staff; Rochambeau’s own memoirs; and especially the indispensable journal of Karl Gustaf Tornquist, a Swedish Lieutenant serving under de Grasse, and an anonymous work of two French Officers entitled Operations of the French Fleet Under the Count de Grasse.
There is no English first-hand account of the American war overall, understandably in view of the outcome, except Sir Henry Clinton’s sad post-war narrative. This lack is made up for by the thorough work concentrating on the American campaigns of Lord Cornwallis by Franklin and Mary Wickwire and by the psychological portrait of Sir Henry Clinton by the late Professor William Willcox. Of English diaries, the most interesting is that of Captain Frederick MacKenzie, a keen observer with a sharp pen, writing from General Headquarters.
English diaries of social life not directly connected to the war are ample and invaluable: they include Sir N. William Wraxall’s Memoirs; the diaries of James Harris, First Earl of Malmesbury, who was British minister at The Hague and St. Petersburg; the memoirs of John Heneage Jesse; and above all the correspondence and Last Journals of Horace Walpole.
PRIMARY SOURCES
ADAMS, JOHN, The Book of Abigail and John. Butterfield, Lyman, ed. Harvard, 1963.
———, Works, 10 vols. Adams, Charles Francis, ed. New York, 1850-56.
ANONYMOUS, Operations of the French Fleet Under the Count de Grasse Two Contemporaneous Journals in 1781-82. New York, 1864.
BIRON, ARMAND LOUIS—see Lauzun.
BLANCHARD, CLAUDE, Journal of 1780-83. Trans. Albany, 1867.
CLARK, WILLIAM BELL, ed., Naval Documents of the American Revolution, vol. 7. Washington, 1976.
Clinton Cornwallis Controversy, 6 pamphlets, 2 vols. Stevens, Benjamin F., ed. London, 1888.
CLINTON, SIR HENRY, The American Rebellion (Sir Henry Clinton’s narrative of his campaign). Willcox, William B., ed. New Haven, 1954.
CLOSEN, BARON LUDWIG VON, The Revolutionary Journal of 1780-83. Trans. Chapel Hill, 1958.
Continental Congress, Journals of (Index to papers of), 34 vols. Ford, Chancy, ed. National Archives, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1921-26.
CORNWALLIS, CHARLES, FIRST MARQUIS, Correspondence, 3 vols. Ross, Charles, ed. London, 1859.
CRÈVECOEUR, J. HECTOR ST. JOHN, Letters from an American Farmer. First published 1782; Modern edition, London, 1912.
DEUX-PONTS, COUNT WILLIAM DE, My Campaigns in America. Boston, 1868.
FITZPATRICK—see Washington.
FORTESCUE—see George III.
GALLATIN, GASPARD (Etat Major of the French army and Colonel of the Deux-Ponts regiment), Journal of the Siege of Yorktown in 1781 of the Royal Deux-Ponts. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1931.
GEORGE III, Correspondence from 1760 to December, 1783, 6 vols. Fortescue, John, ed. London, 1927-28.
GREAT BRITAIN, PARLIAMENT, The History, Debates and Proceedings of the Houses of Parliament of Great Britain, 1743-1774.
GREENE, NATHANAEL, The Papers of General Nathanael Greene, 4 vols. R.I. Historical Society, 1976 et seq.
HARRIS, JAMES—see Malmesbury.
JAMES, BARTHOLOMEW, REAR ADMIRAL, Journal of 1752-1828. London, 1896.
JESSE, JOHN HENEAGE, Memoirs of the Life and Reign of George III, 3 vols. London, 1867.
LAUZUN, ARMAND LOUIS DE GONTAUT, DUC DE,