First Salute - Barbara Wertheim Tuchman [198]
52 DE GRASSE AGREES TO REMAIN: von Closen, 136, and 136 n. 9; Scott, Corres., 51, 53.
53 SMITH, “A WEEK WILL DECIDE”: Smith’s diary of August 31, q. Fleming, 214.
54 GRAVES’S TERRIBLE WORDS, “THE ENEMY HAVE SO GREAT A NAVAL FORCE”: to Clinton, September 9, 1781, q. Willcox, AHR, 28.
55 WILLIAM SMITH, STAFF OFFICERS “SERVILE”: q. Fleming, 218.
56 GENERAL ROBERTSON CLAIMED INACTION COULD “BRING DOWN THE WHOLE CAUSE IN AMERICA”: Willcox, AHR, 28.
57 CLINTON ASKS COUNCIL OF SEPTEMBER 14 WHETHER RELIEF SHOULD BE HAZARDED: Fleming, 219; partial minutes in Clinton, 569-70.
58 CORNWALLIS, LETTER OF SEPTEMBER 16-17, “IF YOU CANNOT RELIEVE ME VERY SOON”: Clinton Cornwallis Controversy, II, 158.
59 FOR DELAYS AND POSTPONEMENTS IN NEW YORK AND DELIBERATIONS OF THE COUNCILS: Willcox, Portrait, 427-36; Willcox, AHR, 28-31.
60 “OUR GENERALS AND ADMIRALS DON’T SEEM TO BE IN EARNEST”: MacKenzie, 641. RAWDON, “INFATUATED WRETCHES”: q. Miller, 164.
61 “DIGBY, DIGBY!”: q. Willcox, Portrait, 432.
62 MACKENZIE, “SHOULD OUR FLEET BEAT THEIRS.”: Diary of September 24.
63 VISIT OF PRINCE WILLIAM: Willcox, Portrait, 433; MacKenzie, 64.
64 RUMOR PRINCE WOULD TAKE OFFICE AS GOVERNOR: Rochambeau, Memoirs, 67.
65 CORNWALLIS IN “DAILY EXPECTATION” OF RELIEF: MacKenzie, 664, 671.
66 COUNCILS IN NEW YORK OF SEPTEMBER 23 AND 24 (IF THEY WENT IN HOW WOULD THEY GET OUT?): Willcox, Portrait, 435.
67 SMITH TO TRYON, “EVERY HOUR IS PRECIOUS”: ibid., 432.
68 MACKENZIE, “THREE DAYS TO GET OVER THE BAR”: MacKenzie, 653.
69 SMITH, “IF THE ENEMY’S THIRST FOR PEACE”: q. Fleming, 224.
70 MACKENZIE, “THEY MAY AS WELL STAY FOR TEN MONTHS”: MacKenzie, 653-4.
71 CLINTON, BARRING AN “UNFORESEEN ACCIDENT”: Clinton Cornwallis Controversy, II, 172.
72 CLINTON PROPOSES DIVERSION AGAINST PHILADELPHIA: According to Captain MacKenzie, “if the French bring a superior fleet to the coast, turning their utmost force against Cornwallis’s army … there will hardly be any possibility of relieving them unless by our gaining a victory at sea. If Washington passes the Delaware … the only action open to Britain would be a diversion in Lord Cornwallis’s favor by entering Jersey with a large corps and if possible by taking possession of Philadelphia”: MacKenzie, 611.
73 CORNWALLIS INFORMED CLINTON ON OCTOBER 11, “NOTHING BUT A DIRECT MOVE”: Clinton, 581.
74 LT. JAMES, “THE DISTRESSING CRIES OF THE WOUNDED”: James, B., 122.
75 LAUZUN-TARLETON CAVALRY CLASH: Wickwire, 372-4.
76 ATTACK ON THE REDOUBTS: James, B., 121-6; Gallatin, 41-4; Freeman, V, 369-71. A full account of the assault is in Deux-Ponts, My Campaigns, 142-9.
77 WASHINGTON EXHORTATION TO SOLDIERS: q. Freeman, V, 369.
78 MCPHERSON SAID TO HAVE RETREATED: Fleming, 289.
79 CORNWALLIS TO CLINTON, OCTOBER 15, 1781, “MY SITUATION NOW BECOMES VERY CRITICAL”: Cornwallis, Corres., I, 125; q. Wickwire, 382.
80 CORNWALLIS NOTE OF SURRENDER: q. Freeman, V, 377.
81 WASHINGTON’S REPLY, “AN ARDENT DESIRE”: Fitzpatrick, Writings, XXIII, 236-7.
82 CORNWALLIS TO CLINTON, “I HAVE THE MORTIFICATION”: October 20, 1781, Clinton, 583.
83 SURRENDER PARLEY: Freeman, V, 379-85.
84 WASHINGTON ON CORNWALLIS, “PASSIVE BEYOND CONCEPTION”: to Governor Thomas Sim Lee, October 11, 1781, Fitzpatrick, Writings, XXIII, 210.
85 WASHINGTON’S CREED: Freeman, V, 106.
86 LAURENS, “THIS REMAINS AN ARTICLE”: q. Fleming, 322.
87 SURRENDER SCENE: Blanchard, 141; Stone, 472-4, from the Journals of James Thacher and John Conrad Doehla.
88 “THE WORLD TURNED UPSIDE DOWN”: cf. Freeman, V, 388, n. 47.
89 BRITISH “MUCH IN LIQUOR”: q. Freeman, V, 390, from two eyewitness diarists, Major Ebenezer Denny and Lieutenant Williams Feltman.
90 BRITISH EXHIBITED “CONTEMPT FOR THE AMERICANS”: Blanchard, 152.
91 LAFAYETTE ORDERED THE BAND TO PLAY “YANKEE DOODLE”: Fleming, 328-9.
92 ADAMS, “THE GREATEST QUESTION”: Smith, John Adams, 1, 270.
EPILOGUE
1 TILGHMAN BRINGS NEWS OF SURRENDER: Stone, 487.
2 “GORNVALLIS IST GEDAKEN!”: Johnston, 158.
3 WASHINGTON, “MELIORATING INFLUENCE ON ALL MANKIND”: q. Smith, People’s History,