Forever Barbie_ The Unauthorized Biography of a Real Doll - Lord [133]
7 Statistics on Mattel's sales furnished by the company.
8 "My life has been spent . . .": From 60065 in Toyland, a BBC TV production in association with Lionheart Television International, Inc., 1991. (Shown on the Discovery Channel in 1993 as Dolls in Playland.)
8 Nancy Rivera Brooks, "Barbie's Doting Sister," in the Los Angeles Times, December 10, 1990.
9 A "hooker or actress between performances": Interview with Jack Ryan by Ella King Torrey, Los Angeles, December 1979. (All Ryan quotations from this interview.)
10 F. Scott Fitzgerald's remarks on contradictory ideas: "The Crack-up," Esquire, February 1936, pp. 41, 164.
10 Quindlen and Goodman on Barbie: According to my informal scoring, Quindlen has chalked up the largest number of gratuitous assaults. For further thoughts on disparagement of Barbie as "simplistic, good-hearted feminism," see Mim Udovich, "Our Barbies, Ourselves," The Village Voice, June 15, 1993, p. 20. Udovich discusses the folly of an objective ideological corollary for the term feminist. "Anna Quindlen reviles Barbie (i had never wanted American girls to have a role model whose feet were perpetually frozen in the high heel position,' she writes in her latest anthology, Thinking Out Loud),"Udovich observes, (and) "this brand of simplistic, good-hearted feminism has seemingly come to be regarded as an objective ideological corollary."
10 "rough housework": Interview with Charlotte Johnson by Ella King Torrey, Hawthorne, California, December 1979. (All Johnson quotations from this interview.)
10 Vicarious leisure: See Thorstein Veblen, The Theory of the Leisure Class (New York: Penguin Books, 1979), p. 72.
11 "man shortage": See Susan Faludi, Backlash: The Undeclared War Against Women (New York: Crown Publishers, Inc., 1991).
12 "dynamic obsolesence": Harley Earl quoted by David Halberstam, The Fifties (New York: Villard Books, 1993), p. 127.
13 "Gender is a kind of imitation . . . impersonation and approximation": Judith Butler, "Imitation and Gender Insubordination," in Diana Fuss, ed., Inside/Out: Lesbian Theories, Gay Theories (New York: Routledge, 1991), p. 29.
13 "womanliness as a masquerade": Joan Riviere, "Womanliness as a Masquerade," in Victor Burgin, James Donald, and Cora Kaplan, eds., Formations of Fantasy (New York: Routledge, 1986), pp. 35-44.
14 Ru-Paul's Barbie mastectomies: See Ru-Paul's BBC documentary short on the introduction of the Shani doll, 1991.
14 The Barbi Twins diet: See Linda Stasi, Doug Vaughan, and Anthony Scaduto, "Inside New York," New York Newsday, January 11, 1993, p. 13.
15 "I believed in Barbie. . . . There's more Barbie dolls in this country than there are people": Michael Milken quoted on ABC News's 20/20, June 4, 1993.
16 Babv dolls came into existence in 1820: See Antonia Fraser, A History of Toys (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1966), p. 160.
17 "Childhood was invented in the eighteenth century . . . the child became the savior of mankind, the symbol of free imagination and natural goodness": Louise J. Kaplan, Female Perversions: The Temptations of Emma Bovary (New York: Anchor Books, 1991), p. 411.
17 Americans lost their taste for German toys: See Fraser, .op. cit., p. 206.
CHAPTER TWO: A TOY IS BORN
18 Marilyn Monroe's birth and childhood: See Norman Mailer, Marilyn (New York: Grosset and Dunlap, Inc., 1973).
18 Handler biographical information: Interviews with Ruth Handler, Los Angeles, July 7, 1992; Ruth and Elliot Handler, Los Angeles, April 26, 1993. (All Ruth Handler and Elliot Handler quotations, unless otherwise attributed in the text, are from these two interviews.)
21 Marx Toys' advertising budget: See Sydney Stern and Ted Schoenhaus, Toyland: The High-Stakes Game of the Toy Industry (Chicago: Contemporary Books, 1990,) pp. 35-37.
23 "When she walks . . . the earth shakes": Interview writh Ken Handler, New York, January 22, 1993. (All Ken Handler quotations are from this interview.)
23 The Handlers' art collection described in Sotheby's