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40. Rangoon to London, 26 May 1948, FO371/69515, TNA.

41. Bowker to Foreign Office, FO371/69481, TNA.

42. Furnivall to Dunn, 28 March, 9 April 1948, Furnival Papers, PP/MS 23, vol. I, SOAS.

43. Bowker to Foreign Office, 12 April 1948, FO371/69515, TNA.

44. Nu to Cripps, 7 October 1948, Cripps–Nu correspondence, CAB127/151, TNA.

45. Rangoon to Foreign Office, 3 July 1948, FO371/69483, TNA.

46. Furnivall to Dunn 12 April 1948, Furnivall Papers, PP/MS 23, vol. I, SOAS.

47. Maung Maung, A trial in Burma: the assassination of Aung San (The Hague, 1962), p. 68.

48. Clipping from the Sunday Despatch, 15 February 1948, Laithwaite Papers, Mss Eur F138/74, OIOC.

49. Furnivall to Dunn, 12 April 1948 with some additions 2 May, Furnivall Papers, PP/MS 23, vol. I, SOAS.

50. See Bertil Lintner, Burma in revolt: opium and insurgency since 1948 (Boulder, 1994).

51. Report of British Mission, Rangoon to London, 30 June 1948, FO371/69483, TNA.

52. Ibid.

53. Rangoon to London, 14 August 1948, FO371/69484, TNA.

54. Butwell, U Nu of Burma, p. 62.

55. News Chronicle, 27 August 1948.

56. News Chronicle, 23 September 1948.

57. P. Murray, Foreign Office, to Major A. K. Rugg-Price, FO371/69486, TNA.

58. For a detailed account of these events and the Karen insurgency see Callahan, Making enemies, pp. 124–42.

59. Ibid., p. 127.

60. Bowker to Foreign Office, ‘Karen movement and British complicity’, 12 September 1948, FO371/69509, TNA.

61. Bowker to Foreign Office, 19 June 1948, ibid.

62. Bowker to Foreign Office, 28 February 1948, ibid.

63. Christopher Bayly and Tim Harper, Forgotten armies: Britain’s Asian empire and the war with Japan (London, 2004), p. 336.

64. Note by P. J. Murray, 16 September 1948, FO371/69509, TNA.

65. ‘Translation of speech by the Honble Thakin Nu, Prime Minister of Burma, delivered in Parliament on 14 June 1949’, CAB127/151, TNA.

66. Note by P. J. Murray, 16 September 1948, FO371/69509, TNA.

67. Bowker to Foreign Office, 15 September 1948, ibid.

68. Bowker to Foreign Office, 18 September 1948, FO371/69510, TNA.

69. Bowker to Foreign Office, 21 September, ibid.

70. Anon to ‘Pop’, 2 September 1948; ‘Skunk’ to ‘Ewan’, 14 September 1948, Tom Driberg Papers, S3 (miscellaneous), Christ Church, Oxford.

71. Bowker to Foreign Office, 13 September 1948, FO371/69510, NA; cf. Furnivall to Dunn, 14 December 1948, Furnivall Papers, PP/MS 23, vol. I, SOAS.

72. Bowker to Foreign Office, 13 September 1948, FO371/69510, TNA.

73. Rangoon to Foreign Office, ‘Burma insurrection’, 13 July 1948, FO371/69516, TNA.

74. ‘Red star over Asia’, News Chronicle, 27 August 1948.

75. Note, September 1948, FO371/69519, TNA.

76. Murray to Laithwaite, 25 October 1948, Laithwaite Papers, Mss Eur F138/74, OIOC.

77. Bowker to Foreign Office, 11 November 1948, FO371/69522, TNA.

78. Bowker to Foreign Office, 18 November 1948, FO371/69519, TNA.

79. Furnivall to Dunn, 21 September 1948, Furnivall Papers, PP/MS 23, vol. I, SOAS.

80. Callahan, Making enemies, p. 132.

81. Jonathan Falla, True Love and Bartholomew: rebels on the Burmese border (Cambridge, 1991), p. 26; cf. Callahan, Making enemies, p. 132.

82. Falla, True Love, p. 27.

83. Furnivall to Dunn, 24 December 1948, Furnivall Papers, PP/MS 23, vol. I, SOAS.

84. Furnivall to Dunn, 28 March 1948, ibid.

85. John de Chazal, memoir, p. 4, Mss Eur D1041/3, OIOC.

86. Military adviser to UK High Commission in India to London, 30 March 1948, L/WS/1/1187, OIOC.

87. Correspondence appended to situation report, 28 November 1950, FO371/84243; prime minister Pakistan to prime minister UK, 20 July 1948, DO35/3163, TNA.

88. K. K. Tewari, A soldier’s voyage of self discovery (Auroville, 1995), p. 46.

89. Roy Bucher to Miss Elizabeth Bucher, 24 September 1948, Bucher Papers, 7901/87–5, NAM.

90. People’s Age, 1 February 1948.

91. People’s Age, 29 February 1948.

92. People’s Age, 14 March 1948.

93. Military adviser to UK High Commission in India to London, 6 May 1948, L/WS/1/1187, OIOC.

94. Ashton Wade, A life