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and Malaya, 124, 130, 209–10, 215–16, 281, 362, 367–8, 416, 426–7, 435–6, 441–2, 452–4, 496, 497–9, 523–4, 530

Broadhurst, Major Douglas, 37

Brooke, Vyner, 278

Broome, Richard, 30–31, 206, 442–3, 492

‘Browderism’, 238

Brown, George, 450

Bucher, General Roy, 249, 373, 403–4

Buddha Mahamuni, 402

Buddhism, 60–61, 143, 310, 315, 321, 372, 376–7, 542–3

Buddhist monks, 60–61, 257, 269, 310, 321, 374, 465

Bung Tomo, 176, 179, 181, 188, 417

Burgess, Anthony, 340, 438, 505

Burhanuddin al-Helmy, Dr, xviii, 196, 353, 359, 364, 366, 418, 508, 531

Burma, 4, 11–12, 16–17, 60–75, 91, 223–39, 252–68, 289, 301–23, 372–401, 402–3, 458–60, 463–70, 535–8, 540–43, 548–9

and minorities, 16, 23–4, 74–5, 253, 265, 301–2, 304–5, 306, 307–10, 312, 322–3, 375, 381, 389, 391–8, 400–401, 458–9, 464–70, 517, 536

and the Commonwealth, 263, 302, 306–7, 317, 466

British services mission, 321, 322, 380, 381–3, 389, 398, 400, 459

communist uprising, 385–7, 389–90, 391, 398, 399, 537

ethnic conflict in, 74–5, 81, 231–2, 393, 401

independence, 65, 66–7, 73, 262, 306, 323, 372–3, 401

India’s ‘poor relation’, 75–6, 230, 253–4, 259–60, 261–2, 267, 301–2, 303–4, 307

interim government, 307, 312

military coups, 537–8

nationalization policies, 305, 322, 375, 377–8, 379–80, 384, 460, 549

White Paper on, 65, 72, 73, 223–4, 236, 259–60, 266

Burma army, 64, 75, 235, 257, 312, 314, 380–84, 389, 470, 537–8

Burma Rifles, 384, 389

minorities in, 75, 380–81, 391, 392, 393, 398, 401, 562 n. 4

Burma Independence Army (BIA), 16, 20, 61, 74, 231–2, 562 n. 4

Burma National Army (BNA), 16–17, 61, 64, 68, 72, 74, 79, 91, 234, 235, 257, 265, 562 n. 4

Burmah Oil, 305, 380, 395

Burma–Thailand Railway, 2, 53, 102, 105, 233, 269, 336, 541–2

Burmese Communist Party, 238, 316, 318, 537

Burrows, Sir Frederick, 244–5, 248–9, 299

Caine, Sir Sydney, 504

Calcutta, 81–2, 84–5, 138, 221, 222–3, 292, 293, 295–6, 299, 300, 405

Great Killing, 243–9

Calcutta Youth Conference, 415

Calvert, Lieutenant-Colonel J. Michael, 521, 522

Cambridge University, 78, 199, 200, 524, 530

Camp Columbia, 167, 169–70

Campbell, Alexander, 396–7

Cao Dai, 144, 147

Cariappa, General Kodandera, 405

Casement, Roger, 58

casualties, 2, 7, 173, 186, 188

civilian, 128, 168–9, 173, 207, 234–5, 417

from ethnic violence, 210, 222, 244, 246–7, 248–51, 292, 295, 299–301

in Malayan Emergency, 437, 440–41, 445, 447, 449–56, 473, 493–4, 512, 521, 525, 552

in Surabaya, 177, 178, 180–81

Japanese, 2, 173, 541

on Burma–Thailand Railway, 269

Cathay Building, 110

Cedile, Colonel Jean, 144, 148

census and registration, 99, 332–3, 441, 447–8, 507

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 46, 457, 539

Chairil Anwar, 162–3, 184, 510

Chang Hong, see Lai Teck Chang Hong (Batang Kali witness), 454

Chang Meng Ching, 349

Changi jail, 2, 53–4, 111, 126

Chapman, Freddy Spencer, 30, 31, 32, 492

Chen Chin-chu, 485

Chen Tian, 345, 534

Cheng, Homer, 131

Cheong Chee, 488, 489

Chettiyars, 71, 156, 359, 374, 486 see also moneylenders Chettur, S. K., 91, 92, 103, 105, 124, 276–7, 337, 338

Chew, Benjamin, 110

Chiang Kai Shek, xviii, 141, 144, 145, 205, 240, 411, 462, 474

children, 1, 336–7, 421, 484–5

Chin Kee Onn, 115–16

Chin Peng, xviii, 35–6, 37–9, 40, 45, 52, 64, 128, 129, 192, 196, 199, 203–4, 273, 443, 552–4, 599 n. 59

and communist insurrection, 416, 428, 429–30, 444–5, 454–5, 474, 478, 480, 486, 512–15, 534–5

elected Secretary General MCP, 345

pursues Lai Teck, 343–8

researches memoirs, 552

China, 4, 411–12, 457, 462, 467, 468, 474, 484–6, 518, 536, 541, 546, 547

Nationalist, 141, 144, 145, 253, 265, 385, 457, 484, Chinese Communist Party (CCP), 198, 343, 346, 347, 349, 474, 513

Chinese in Burma, 224, 253, 457, 468

in Indonesia, 160, 182, 185, 193

in Malaya, 29–31, 41–2, 45, 99, 108, 118–19, 120–21, 122, 131, 197–9, 205, 208, 210, 270, 332–3, 339, 362–3, 368–70, 410–13, 420–25, 438, 441, 443–4, 446–56, 475, 482–91, 499–501, 527–8

in Southeast Asia, 9, 24–5

Chins, 74, 75, 293, 297, 309, 517

Chittagong, 297, 300

Cholon, 144, 146,