Freedom, Inc_ - Brian M. Carney [145]
9. Personal interview, April 8, 2005.
10. Rich Teerlink and Lee Ozley, More Than a Motorcycle: The Leadership Journey at Harley-Davidson (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2000), p. 28.
2: ARE YOU MANAGING FOR THE “THREE PERCENT”?
1. Between 1500 and 1820, per capita income in western European countries and their offshoots (North America and Australasia) rose by 60 percent—although it rose a mere 7 percent in the rest of the world (population growth was similar in both regions). This means that, minuscule elite aside, the vast majority of people lived at a level of mere material subsistence, if not hunger. However, from 1820 to 2001, per capita income rose twentyfold in the West (sixfold in the rest of the world). See Angus Maddison, Dynamic Forces in Capitalist Development (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991); and Angus Maddison, “Contours of the World Economy and the Art of Macro-measurement 1500–2001” (Ruggles Lecture, IARIW 28th General Conference, Cork, Ireland, August 2004).
2. Max Weber, Economy and Society (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978), p. 227.
3. James Hoopes, False Prophets: The Gurus Who Created Modern Management and Why Their Ideas Are Bad for Business Today (New York: Perseus Books, 2003), p. xv.
4. Most leading management thinkers since Weber—including Mary Parker Follett, Peter Drucker, W. Edwards Deming, Tom Peters, Russell Ackoff, Sumantra Ghoshal, and Gary Hamel—disagreed with him and took a very negative view of bureaucracy.
5. See Hoopes, False Prophets, for a skeptical discussion of the views of some of the leading management thinkers.
6. Isaac Getz and Alan G. Robinson, Vos idées changent tous! [Your Ideas Change Everything!] (Paris: Editions d’Organisation, 2007).
7. Rahul Jacob, “TQM: More Than a Dying Fad?” Fortune, October 18, 1993, pp. 66–72.
8. Jeffrey K. Liker and Michael Hoseus, Toyota Culture: The Heart and Soul of the Toyota Way (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008).
9. Ibid., pp. 381–82.
10. Reported by Rich Teerlink, personal interview, August 15, 2005.
11. Christine Buckley, “Turn Up for Work and Bag a Prize,” Times (London), August 5, 2004.
12. Personal interview, September 25, 2007.
13. “Gallup Study: Feeling Good Matters in the Workplace,” The Gallup Management Journal, January 12, 2006, http://gmj.gallup.com/ (accessed July 5, 2008).
14. Isaac Getz and Alan G. Robinson, “Innovate or Die: Is That a Fact?” Creativity and Innovation Management 12, no. 3 (2003): pp. 130–36.
15. G. A. Stevens and J. Burley, “3,000 Raw Ideas = 1 Commercial Success!” Research-Technology Management, May–June 1997, pp. 16–27.
16. D. Harhoff, F. Narin, F. M. Scherer, and K. Vopel, “Citation Frequency and the Value of Patented Inventions,” The Review of Economics and Statistics 81, no. 3 (1999): pp. 511–15.
17. “The TR Patent Scorecard 2001,” Technology Review, May 2001, pp. 48–49. Lately, IBM admitted that patenting is not only unhelpful for innovation but even hampers it; “Why Technologists Want Fewer Patents,” Wall Street Journal, June 15, 2009, p. A13.
18. Florida and Kenney, Breakthrough Illusion, p. 171.
19. Personal interview, August 19, 2005.
20. Personal interview, September 25, 2007.
21. “Gallup Study: Engaged Employees Inspire Company Innovation,” The Gallup Management Journal, October 12, 2006, http://gmj.gallup.com/ (accessed July 3, 2008).
22. The October 2006 Gallup semiannual engagement study’s results are slightly different from the previous survey in January 2006: 29 percent of employees are engaged, 56 percent are not, and 15 percent are actively disengaged; hence, 71 percent total were disengaged in October 2006.
23. Jeffery McCracken, “‘Way Forward’ Requires Culture Shift at Ford,” Wall Street Journal, January 23, 2006; and Dee-Ann Durbin, “Ford’s Restructuring Plan Calls for 30,000 Job Cuts,” Associated Press, 2005, http://www.staugustine.com/PalmPilot/stories/012406/new_3595454.html (accessed May 25, 2007).
24. “‘Churn’: How to Reduce Customer Abandonment,