Frommer's Kauai - Jeanette Foster [24]
There were only two endemic mammals: the hoary bat and the monk seal. The hoary bat must have accidentally blown to Hawaii at some point, from either North or South America. It can still be seen during its early evening forays, especially around the Kilauea Crater on the Big Island.
The Hawaiian monk seal, a relative of warm-water seals found in the Caribbean and the Mediterranean, was nearly slaughtered into extinction for its skin and oil during the 19th century. These seals have recently experienced a minor population explosion; sometimes they even turn up at various beaches throughout the state. They’re protected under federal law by the Marine Mammals Protection Act. If you’re fortunate enough to see a monk seal, just look; don’t disturb one of Hawaii’s living treasures.
The first Polynesians brought a few animals from home: dogs, pigs, and chickens (all were for eating), as well as rats (stowaways). All four species are still found in the Hawaiian wild today.
Birds
More species of native birds have become extinct in Hawaii in the last 200 years than anywhere else on the planet. Of 67 native species, 23 are extinct and 30 are endangered. Even the Hawaiian crow, the alala, is threatened.
The ae’o, or Hawaiian stilt—a 16-inch-long bird with a black head, black coat, white underside, and long pink legs—can be found in protected wetlands like the Kanaha Wildlife Sanctuary on Maui (where it shares its natural habitat with the Hawaiian coot), the Kealia Pond on Maui, and the Hanalei National Wildlife Refuge on Kauai, which is also home to the Hawaiian duck. Other areas in which you can see protected birds are the Kipuka Puaulu (Bird Park) and the Olaa Rain Forest, both in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park on the Big Island, and at Goat Island bird refuge off Oahu, where you can see wedge-tailed shearwaters nesting.
Another great birding venue is Kokee State Park on Kauai. Various native birds that have been spotted include some of the 22 species of the native honey creepers. Frequently seen are the apapane (a red bird with black wings and a curved black bill), iiwi (also red with black wings but with orange legs and a salmon-colored bill), amakihi (a plain olive-green bird with a long, straight bill), and anianiau (a tiny yellow bird with a thin, curved bill). Also in the forest is the ’elepaio, a small gray flycatcher with an orange breast and an erect tail. The most common native bird at Kokee—and the most easily seen—is the moa, or red jungle fowl, a chicken brought to Hawaii by the Polynesians.
To get a good glimpse of the seabirds that frequent Hawaii, drive to Kilauea Point on Kauai’s North Shore. Here you can easily spot red- and white-footed boobies, wedge-tailed shearwaters, frigate birds, red-tailed tropic birds, and the Laysan albatross.
Hawaii’s state bird is the nene. It’s being brought back from the brink of extinction through strenuous protection laws and captive breeding. A relative of the Canada goose, the nene stands about 2 feet high and has a black head and yellow cheeks. The approximately 500 nene in existence can be seen in only three places: on Maui at Haleakala National Park, and on the Big Island at Mauna Kea State Recreation Area bird sanctuary and on the slopes of Mauna Kea.
The Hawaiian short-eared owl, the pueo, which grows to between 12 and 17 inches, can be seen at dawn and dusk on Kauai, Maui, and the Big Island. According to legend, spotting a pueo is a good omen.
Leapin’ Lizards!
Geckos are harmless, soft-skinned, insect-eating lizards that come equipped with suction pads on their feet, enabling them to climb walls and windows to reach tasty insects such as mosquitoes and cockroaches. You’ll see them on windows outside a lighted room at night or hear their cheerful chirp.
Sea Life
Approximately 680 species of fish are known to inhabit the waters around the Hawaiian Islands. Of those, approximately 450 species stay close to the reef and inshore areas.
CORAL The reefs surrounding Hawaii are made up of various coral and algae.