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21 a series of kings: Another possibility, advanced by the tomb’s excavator, is that the diadem was meant to be adjusted to be worn with or without another piece of headgear.
22 Cassander prepared a fine chamber tomb: There is no clear evidence of who built Tomb 3 at Vergina, but its apparent date indicates that Cassander was responsible. Diodorus, however, says that Cassander killed Alexander in secret and hid his body (19.105). The most likely scenario is that, after the death of the boy inevitably leaked out, Cassander felt obliged to conduct a proper royal burial. See Adams, “Cassander, Alexander IV and the Tombs at Vergina,” AncW 22 (1991) 27–33. A different theory of the tomb’s construction, unconvincing in my view, has been put forward by Franca Landucci Gattinoni (“Cassander and the Legacy of Philip and Alexander II in Diodorus’ Library,” pp. 113–21 of Philip II and Alexander the Great: Father and Son, Lives and Afterlives, eds. Elizabeth Carney and Daniel Ogden [Oxford and N.Y., 2010]).
Epilogue
1 Plutarch records: In the essay “On Compliancy,” Moralia 530d.
2 was strangled to death: Pausanias, however, records that Heracles was killed by poison. Justin (15.2.3) does not specify the form the assassination took but supplies the unique information that Barsine, Heracles’ mother, was also killed on Cassander’s orders.
Bibliography
The following abbreviations are used to refer to journals in the fields of classics and history:
AC Acta Classica
AHB Ancient History Bulletin
AJA American Journal of Archaeology
AJP American Journal of Philology
AM Ancient Macedonia
AncW Ancient World
CQ Classical Quarterly
G&R Greece and Rome
GRBS Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies
JHS Journal of Hellenic Studies
TAPA Transactions of the American Philological Association
ZPE Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik
WEB ADDRESSES OF PRIMARY SOURCES IN TRANSLATION
Arrian. Events After Alexander (summary of Photius). http://www.isidore-of-seville.com/library-arrian/events-2.htm.
Athenaeus. Deipnosophistae. http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/Literature/subcollections/DeipnoSubAbout.html.
Diodorus Siculus. Library of History. http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/home.html.
Justin. Epitome of Pompeius Trogus. http://www.ccel.org/ccel/pearse/morefathers/files/justinus_04_books11to20.htm.
Memnon. History of Heracleia. http://www.attalus.org/translate/memnon1.html.
Cornelius Nepos. Eumenes. http://www.isidore-of-seville.com/library-nepos/eumenes-2.htm.
Plutarch. Alexander, Demosthenes, Demetrius, Eumenes, and Phocion. http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Plutarch/Lives/home.html.
Polyaenus. Stratagems of War. http://www.attalus.org/translate/polyaenus4B.html.
Pseudo-Plutarch. Lives of the Ten Orators. http://www.attalus.org/old/orators1.html.
Quintus Curtius Rufus. Life of Alexander the Great (full text available only in Latin). http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Curtius/home.html.
GENERAL STUDIES
Adams, Winthrop Lindsay. “The Games of Alexander the Great.” In Waldemar Heckel, Lawrence Tritle, and Pat Wheatley, eds., Alexander’s Empire: Formulation to Decay, pp. 125–38. Claremont, Calif., 2007.
———. “The Hellenistic Kingdoms.” In Glenn R. Bugh, ed., The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World, pp. 28–51. Cambridge, U.K., 2006.
Agostinetti, Anna S. Gli eventi dopo Alessandro. Rome, 1999.
Bengtson, Hermann. Die Diadochen: Die Nachfolger Alexanders (323–281 v. Chr.). Munich, 1987.
Berve, Helmut. Das Alexanderreich auf prosopographischer Grundlage. Munich, 1926.
Billows, Richard A. Kings and Colonists: Aspects of Macedonian Imperialism. New York, 1995.
Bosworth, A. B. “Alexander the Great and the Creation of the Hellenistic Age.” In Glenn R. Bugh, ed., The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World, pp. 9–27. Cambridge, U.K., 2006.
———. The Legacy of Alexander: Politics,