God's Fury, England's Fire_ A New History of the English Civil Wars - Michael J. Braddick [0]
MICHAEL BRADDICK
God’s Fury, England’s Fire
A New History of the English Civil Wars
ALLEN LANE
an imprint of
PENGUIN BOOKS
ALLEN LANE
Published by the Penguin Group
Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England
Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, USA
Penguin Group (Canada), 90 Eglinton Avenue East, Suite 700, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4P 2Y3
(a division of Pearson Penguin Canada Inc.)
Penguin Ireland, 25 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
(a division of Penguin Books Ltd)
Penguin Group (Australia), 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia
(a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd)
Penguin Books India Pvt Ltd, 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi – 110017, India
Penguin Group (NZ), 67 Apollo Drive, Rosedale, North Shore 0632, New Zealand
(a division of Pearson New Zealand Ltd)
Penguin Books (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd, 24 Sturdee Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa
Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England
www.penguin.com
First published 2008
1
Copyright © Michael Braddick, 2008
The moral right of the author has been asserted
All rights reserved
Without limiting the rights under copyright
reserved above, no part of this publication may be
reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system,
or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior
written permission of both the copyright owner and
the above publisher of this book
978-0-14-044757-6
For Karen, Cora and Melissa
Contents
List of Illustrations
Maps
Preface
The Crisis of the Three Kingdoms, 1637–1642
1 From the Bowels of the Whore of Babel
The Scottish Prayer Book Rebellion and the Politics of Reformation
2 Self-Government at the King’s Command
Politics and Society in Caroline England
3 Drawing Swords in the King’s Service
The English and the Bishops” Wars
4 We Dream Now of a Golden Age
The Long Parliament and the Public Sphere
5 Barbarous Catholics and Puritan Populists
The Irish Rising and the Politics of Fear
6 Paper Combats
The Battle for the Provinces
7 Raising Forces
The Slide into War
War, 1642–1646
8 Armed Negotiation
The Battle of Edgehill and Its Aftermath
9 Military Escalation, Loyalty and Honour
The English War Efforts in 1643
10 The War of the Three Kingdoms
The Irish Cessation and the Solemn League and Covenant, 1643
11 Marston Moor
The Victory of the Covenant?
12 A Man Not Famous But Notorious
Death and Its Meanings
13 Naseby and the End of the War
The Triumph of the New Model Army
14 Winners and Losers
The Costs and Benefits of Civil War
15 Remaking the Local Community
The Politics of Parishes at War
Revolution, 1646–1649
16 Post-War Politics
Print, Polemic and Mobilization
17 Military Defeat and Political Survival
Attempts at Settlement from Newcastle to Newmarket
18 The Army, the People and the Scots
Putney, the Engagement and the Vote of No Addresses
19 To Preserve That Which God Hath Manifestly Declared Against
Charles, the Scots and the Second Civil War
20 The Occasioner, Author, and Continuer of the Said Unnatural, Cruel and Bloody Wars
The Trial and Execution of Charles I
21 Epilogue
England’s Freedom
Acknowledgements
Picture Credits
Abbreviations
Note on Authorship and Dating of Pamphlets
Note on Dates and Quotations
Notes and References
Bibliography of Secondary Works
Index
List of Illustrations
1. Charles I leaving Oxford in disguise, April 1646. (Engraving, anon., 1648)
2. English soldiers reported to be embracing their Scottish adversaries rather than fighting them, in 1640. (Engraving, anon., 1648)
3 and 4. Portraits of Charles I from the 1630s. (Oils, Sir Anthony Van Dyke, 1635, 1636)
5. The Prayer Book disturbances in Edinburgh in 1637. (Engraving, anon., 1648)
6. The Royal Exchange