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God's Fury, England's Fire_ A New History of the English Civil Wars - Michael J. Braddick [358]

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temper, see, in addition to Donaldson, Alec Ryrie, The Origins of the Scottish Reformation (Manchester, 2006); Alec Ryrie, ‘Congregations, Conventicles and the Nature of Early Scottish Protestantism’, PP, 191 (2006), 45–76.

23. Donaldson, Scottish Reformation, ch. 5.

24. Ibid., pp. 135–6, 139–44.

25. Ibid., ch. 4; Ryrie, ‘Congregations’; Margo Todd, The Culture of Protestantism in Early Modern Scotland (New Haven, Conn., 2002), passim, esp. pp. 405–8; Walter Makey, The Church of the Covenant, 1637–1651: Revolution and Social Change in Scotland (Edinburgh, 1979), pp. 6–12; Michael F. Graham, The Uses of Reform: ‘Godly discipline’ and Popular Behaviour in Scotland and Beyond (Leiden, 1996); Julian Goodare, State and Society in Early Modern Scotland (Oxford, 1999), ch. 6, esp. pp. 177–80, 205–11.

26. Donaldson, Scottish Reformation, pp. 204–8.

27. Ibid., pp. 67, 144–6.

28. Ibid., ch. 8.

29. Ibid.

30. Ibid., pp. 208–9; Goodare, State and Society, pp. 193–4.

31. Donaldson, Scottish Reformation, ch. 9; Donaldson, ‘Scottish Church’ (which offers a convenient summary, and takes the story beyond 1592); Goodare, State and Society, pp. 194–6.

32. Donaldson, Scottish Reformation, ch. 9; Goodare, State and Society, pp. 195–200.

33. Donaldson, Scottish Reformation, ch. 9; for English views that Presbyters were simply popes in miniature see above, p. 344.

34. Donaldson, ‘Scottish Church’, pp. 51–3.

35. For discipline as a mark of the true church see Goodare, State and Society, p. 175; Donaldson, Scottish Reformation, pp. 78–9; Graham, Uses, p. 39; for kirk sessions see above, n. 25.

36. Gordon Donaldson, The Making of the Scottish Prayer Book (Edinburgh, 1954), pp. 3–40; Goodare, State and Society, pp. 197–8. Donaldson emphasizes the closeness of formal liturgical positions, but the situation in practice was more complicated: Todd, Culture of Protestantism, passim.

37. Goodare, State and Society, pp. 198–205, 211–13; for the abolition of Yule see MacCulloch, Reformation, pp. 379–80. The practice was more complicated: Todd, Culture of Protestantism, pp. 183–90; for self-determination and Scottish Protestant identity see ibid., passim.

38. MacCulloch, Reformation, ch. 11; Richard Bonney, The European Dynastic States 1494–1660 (Oxford, 1991), pp. 188–205.

39. Allan I. Macinnes, The British Revolution, 1629–1660 (Basingstoke, 2005), pp. 52–4.

40. MacCulloch, Reformation, pp. 373–8.

41. For the faltering nature of the official reformation and its sequels see Christopher Haigh, English Reformations: Religion, Politics and Society under the Tudors (Oxford, 1993); for the subsequent Protestantization of England see Patrick Collinson, The Birthpangs of Protestant England: Religions and Cultural Change in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries (Basingstoke, 1988); for an overview see Peter Marshall, Reformation England 1480–1642 (London, 2003).

42. Culpeper Letters, pp. 273–4.

43. The fundamental works are Nicholas Tyacke, ‘Puritanism, Arminianism and Counter-Revolution’, reprinted in Nicholas Tyacke, Aspects of English Protestantism, c. 1530–1700 (Manchester, 2001), pp. 132–59 (See also chs. 6–9); and Nicholas Tyacke, Anti-Calvinists: The Rise of English Arminianism c. 1590–1640 (Oxford, 1987). Peter White, Predestination, Policy and Polemic: Conflict and Consensus in the English Church from the Reformation to the Civil War (Cambridge, 1992), gives a strong counter-case. For the debate see Kenneth Fincham (ed.), The Early Stuart Church, 1603–1642 (Basingstoke, 1993); Marshall, Reformation England, pp. 126–35.

44. Marshall, Reformation England, p. 134; Anthony Milton, Catholic and Reformed: Roman and Protestant Churches in English Protestant Thought, 1600–1640 (Cambridge, 1994), chs. 2, 3, 9 and conclusion; Anthony Milton, ‘The Church of England, Rome and the True Church: The Demise of a Jacobean Consensus’, in Fincham (ed.), Early Stuart Church, pp. 187–210.

45. P. G. Lake, ‘Calvinism and the English Church, 1570–1635’, PP, 114 (1987), 32–76; Marshall, Reformation England, pp. 129–30; Patrick Collinson, The Religion of Protestants:

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