God's Fury, England's Fire_ A New History of the English Civil Wars - Michael J. Braddick [383]
29. Gardiner, CD, p. 204.
30. For a reading of the remonstrance as an attempt to find consensus see Fletcher, Outbreak, pp. 145–6.
31. Quoted from Joad Raymond, The Invention of the Newspaper: English Newsbooks 1641–1649 (Oxford, 1996), p. 121.
32. Russell, Fall, pp. 424–9, 433; Keith Lindley, Popular Politics and Religion in Civil War London (Aldershot, 1997), pp. 94–5; Brian Manning, The English People and the English Revolution (Harmondsworth, 1976), p. 86; CJ, p. 344. Dering quoted from Russell, Fall, p. 427. For partisanship see Fletcher, Outbreak, ch. 4.
33. Clifton, ‘Popular Fear of Catholics’, pp. 30–31, 49; for the chronology of such panics see Robin Clifton, ‘Fear of Popery’, in Conrad Russell (ed.), The Origins of the English Civil War (Basingstoke, 1973), pp. 144–67 at pp. 158–61; Fletcher, Outbreak, pp. 203–6; for an example see John Morrill, Cheshire 1630–1660: County Government and Society during the English Revolution (Oxford, 1974), p. 37.
34. See Lindley, ‘Impact of the 1641 Rebellion’; for the general influence of pamphlet representations of Catholicism see Clifton, ‘Popular Fear of Catholics’, pp. 37–8.
35. Raymond, Invention, chs. 1–2, esp. pp. 20–21, 101, 104–5; for the manuscript circulation of news see Ian Atherton, ‘“The itch grown a disease”: Manuscript Transmission of News in the Seventeenth Century’, in Joad Raymond (ed.), News, Newspapers and Society in Early Modern Britain (London, 1999), pp. 39–65.
36. Raymond, Invention, ch. 2; Cressy, England on Edge, pp. 298–302. Numbers of titles calculated from G. K. Fortescue (ed.), Catalogue of the Pamphlets, Books, Newspapers, and Manuscripts Relating to the Civil War, the Commonwealth and the Restoration, Collected by George Thomason, 1640–1661, 2 vols. (London, 1908).
37. Raymond, Invention, pp. 20–36, 108–25. The pamphlet is The discovery Of a late and Bloody conspiracie At Edenburg, in Scotland (London, 1641).
38. Title evidence derived from Fortescue, Catalogue. Newsbooks included material of this kind: Joad Raymond (ed.), Making the News: An Anthology of the Newsbooks of Revolutionary England 1641–1660 (Moreton-in-Marsh, 1993), ch. 4.
39. Fees varied, as did the services offered or requested, but £20 is the annual charge made by John Pory to Viscount Scudamore: Atherton, ‘“The itch grown a disease”’, p. 41. See also figures in Raymond, Invention. Bridgewater paid £20 to Castle, although it is not clear what period of service this ‘token’ was intended to cover: see HEH, EL 7808, Bridgewater to Castle, 13 January 1640; EL 7816, Castle to Bridgewater, 14 January 1640. For a concise discussion of the growing literature on the widening market for news see Ian Atherton, ‘The Press and Popular Political Opinion’, in Barry Coward (ed.), A Companion to Stuart Britain (Oxford, 2003), pp. 88–110. For the cultural and political significance of the birth of the newsbook see Raymond, Invention; Adam Fox, Oral and Literate Culture in England, 1500–1700 (Oxford, 2000), ch. 7; Richard Cust, ‘News and Politics in Early-Seventeenth-Century England’, reprinted in Richard Cust and Ann Hughes (eds.), The English Civil War (London, 1997), pp. 233–60.
40. EL 7848, Bridgewater to Castle, 10 August 1640; see above p. 97. See also Cressy, England on Edge, pp. 297–8.
41. I am grateful to Marcus Nevitt and Jason Peacey for discussing this material with me.
42. The English Short Title Catalogue database covers the period 1475–1700. One twentieth of all titles containing the word ‘Plot’ come from 1641 and 1642 (91 out of 1,733), i.e. in two out of 225 years. For ‘conspiracy’ the figure is nearly 4 per cent (21 out of 578) and for the more time-dependent spelling ‘conspiracie’ the figure is 32 per cent (32 out of 100). It was a fairly precisely defined peak, too: taking the three terms together there are five pamphlets advertised in this way from 1640,