• Choose a category
• All
• Classic-Fiction

By Root 1146 0

a common element of these petitions: Anthony Fletcher, The Outbreak of the English Civil War (London, 1981), ch. 8. It was a repeated demand during the war, both by the King himself and ‘peace party’ lobbyists. The City petition of January 1643, for example, caused controversy with this demand: The humble petition of the major, aldermen, and commons of the City of London to His Majesty (London, 1643); Keith Lindley, Popular Politics and Religion in Civil War London (Alder-shot, 1997), pp. 345–7.

2. Samuel R. Gardiner, History of England from the Accession of James I to the Outbreak of the Civil War 1603–1642, 10 vols. (London, 1884), X, pp. 152–7. See also Conrad Russell, The Fall of the British Monarchies 1637–1642 (Oxford, 1991), pp. 457–8, 466; Fletcher, Outbreak, pp. 185–6.

3. Russell, Fall, p. 464. For the resultant promotion of the Protestation see above, pp. 200–201.

4. Michael Mendle, ‘The Great Council of Parliament and the First Ordinances: The Constitutional Theory of the civil war’, JBS, 31:2 (1992), 133–62, esp. pp. 139–50; See also Fletcher, Outbreak, pp. 76–7. For the longer history of the idea of the Great Council see David L. Smith, The Stuart Parliaments 1603–1689 (London, 1999), pp. 43–8.

5. Mendle, ‘Great Council’, p. 140. For the change represented by the Ten Propositions see Fletcher, Outbreak, pp. 42–76.

6. Russell, Fall, pp. 464, 467–8.

7. Lindley, Popular Politics, pp. 130–37; Fletcher, Outbreak, pp. 188–9, 223–4; John Walter, Understanding Popular Violence in the English Revolution: The Colchester Plunderers (Cambridge, 1999), pp. 256–9; Robin Clifton, ‘The Popular Fear of Catholics during the English Revolution’, PP, 52 (1971), 23–55, at pp. 41–2; David Cressy, England on Edge: Crisis and Revolution 1640–1642 (Oxford, 2006), pp. 56–9. For Pym’s use of the petitions see Russell, Fall, pp. 468–9.

8. Lindley, Popular Politics, pp. 134–6; Patricia Higgins, ‘The Reactions of Women, with Special Reference to Women Petitioners’, in Brian Manning (ed.), Politics, Religion and the English Civil War (London, 1973), pp. 179–222, at pp. 184–5. For women in food riots see John Walter, ‘Grain Riots and Popular Attitudes to the Law: Maldon and the Crisis of 1629’, reprinted in John Walter, Crowds and Popular Politics in Early Modern England (Manchester, 2006), pp. 27–66, esp. pp. 40–41. The image of a parliament of women was a common one in contemporary satire.

9. Russell, Fall, pp. 457–8; Fletcher, Outbreak, pp. 228–9.

10. LJ, iv, pp. 523–4.

11. Russell, Fall, pp. 458–9, 464–7.

12. John Adamson, The Noble Revolt: The Overthrow of Charles I (London, 2007), esp. ch. 16.

13. For the exodus see Russell, Fall, pp. 470–71. Average numbers voting in Commons divisions fell from 276 in January to 159 in April: Smith, Stuart Parliaments, p. 128.

14. Russell, Fall, pp. 470–76, 479. For the Militia Ordinance See also Fletcher, Outbreak, pp. 244–6.

15. Mendle, ‘Great Council’, pp. 155–6; Russell, Fall, pp. 476–7.

16. Russell, Fall, pp. 478–87, for the metaphor of the matrimonial quarrel pp. 477–8; Fletcher, Outbreak, pp. 230–31.

17. Lewes quoted in William Cliftlands, ‘The “Well-Affected”: and the “Country”: Politics and Religion in English Provincial Society, c. 1640–1654’, unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Essex (1987), pp. 15–16. See Cressy, England on Edge, chs. 14–15 and pp. 405–8. For ballads see Angela McShane Jones, ‘“Rime and Reason”: The Political World of the English Broadside Ballad, 1640–1689’, unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Warwick (2004).

18. Mendle, ‘Great Council’, pp. 152–9.

19. For this gloss, see Russell, Fall, esp. p. 487.

20. For this view of Pym’s importance in this period see Fletcher, Outbreak, pp. 234–44.

21. Fletcher, Outbreak, pp. 231–2. For Hyde’s role as the King’s draughtsman see David L. Smith, Constitutional Royalism and the Search for Settlement, c. 1640–1649 (Cambridge, 1994), pp. 88–91; Russell, Fall, pp. 480–85; Paul Seaward, ‘Hyde, Edward, First Earl of Clarendon (1609–1674)’, ODNB, 29, pp. 120–38. Hyde was knighted in February 1643 and was created Earl of Clarendon in April 1661.