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96. Kishlansky estimated that one third of the senior officers left: Rise, p. 219. Woolrych thought this an over-estimate (Soldiers and Statesmen, pp. 133–6), a view confirmed by Gentles, New Model Army, pp. 167–8, 487 n. 218. In general, however, Kishlansky is right to point to a large exodus of officers in June 1647, many of them of relatively high status. For the continuing influence of officers of high status, however, See also Ian Gentles, ‘The New Model Officer Corps in 1647: A Collective Portrait’, Social History, 22 (1997), 127–44.

97. Woolrych, Soldiers and Statesmen, pp. 137–44; Gardiner, III, pp. 305–6. The other eight names were: Sir William Lewis, Sir John Clotworthy, Sir William Waller, Sir John Maynard, John Glyn, Colonel Edward Harley, Walter Long and Anthony Nicholl. For the charges see Kishlansky, Rise, pp. 250–55; Underdown, Pride’s Purge, pp. 81–2.

98. Woolrych, Soldiers and Statesmen, pp. 148–50.

99. Kishlansky, Rise, pp. 250–55.

100. Gardiner, III, pp. 324–7; Woolrych, Soldiers and Statesmen, pp. 165–6.

101. Woolrych, Soldiers and Statesmen, pp. 153–67; Woolrych, Britain in Revolution, pp. 373–4. For the controversy over the authorship of the Heads-of Proposals see J. S. A. Adamson, ‘The English Nobility and the Projected Settlement of 1647’, HJ, 30 (1987), 567–602; Mark A. Kishlansky, ‘Saye what?’, HJ, 33 (1990), 917–37; J. S. A. Adamson, ‘Politics and the Nobility in Civil War England’, HJ, 34 (1991), 231–55; Mark A. Kishlansky, ‘Saye no more’, JBS, 30 (1991), 399–448. See also John Morrill, Revolt in the Provinces: The People of England and the Tragedies of War 1630–1648, 2nd edn (Harlow, 1999), pp. 199–200; Smith, Constitutional Royalism, pp. 132–3.

102. Summarized in Smith, Constitutional Royalism, pp. 135–6. For the text see Gardiner, CD, pp. 316–26.

103. Woolrych, Britain in Revolution, p. 374.

104. Woolrych, Soldiers and Statesmen, pp. 169–74; Gardiner, III, pp. 327–8, 335–6.

105. Gardiner, III, pp. 336–40; Woolrych, Soldiers and Statesmen, pp. 172–4.

106. Gardiner, III, pp. 343–5; Gentles, New Model Army, pp. 190–91; Woolrych, Soldiers and Statesmen, pp. 181–2.

107. Gardiner, III, pp. 345–6, quotation at p. 345; Gentles, New Model Army, pp. 192–4; Woolrych, Soldiers and Statesmen, pp. 182–3.

108. Gardiner, III, pp. 347–52; Gentles, New Model Army, pp. 194–6.

109. Hughes, Gangraena, pp. 416–17; for the view that Edward’s campaign, the Presbyterian mobilization for a national church and against Independency, and the resulting cleavage among the godly were not inevitable products of irreconcilable aspiration see ibid., esp. pp. 326–33; for the fortunes of Presbyterians after its failure as a model for the national church in 1647 see Vernon, ‘Sion College’, chs. 4–7. The central arguments are set out in Elliot Vernon, ‘A Ministry of the Gospel: The Presbyterians during the English Revolution’, in Durston and Maltby (eds.), Religion, pp. 115–36.

110. Gardiner, II, p. 59.

111. An example each: The Kings Maiesties letter intercepted (London, 1647) revealed the King’s negotiations with the French; An answer to a letter concerning the kings going from Holdenby to the army (London, 1647); The declaration of the commissioners for the kingdom of Scotland (London, 1647); Vox militaris (11 August 1647); His Majesties declaration to all his subjects (London, 20 December 1647).

112. For Norwich see John T. Evans, Seventeenth-Century Norwich: Politics, Religion and Government, 1620–1690 (Oxford, 1979), pp. 155–72; Ashton, Counter-Revolution, pp. 368–75. For some important studies of local politics in these months see David Underdown, Somerset in the Civil War and Interregnum (Newton Abbot, 1973), pp. 140–46; Clive Holmes, Seventeenth-Century Lincolnshire (Lincoln, 1980), pp. 187–99; Mary Coate, Cornwall in the Great Civil War and Interregnum 1642–1660: A Social and Political Study (Oxford, 1933), pp. 237–42, 338–40; Anthony Fletcher, A County Community in Peace and War: Sussex 1600–1660 (London, 1975), pp. 269–89. For an overview