Gotham_ A History of New York City to 1898 - Edwin G. Burrows [0]
GOTHAM
A HISTORY OF NEW YORK CITY TO 1898
Edwin G. Burrows
and
Mike Wallace
Oxford New York
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Copyright © 1999 by Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace
First published by Oxford University Press, Inc., 1999
198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016
First issued as an Oxford University Press paperback, 2000
Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Burrows, Edwin G., 1943—
Gotham / Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references (p.) and index.
Contents: v. i. A history of New York City to 1898.
ISBN 0-19-511634-8 (Cloth)
ISBN 0-19-514049-4 (Pbk.)
I. New York (N.Y.)—History. I. Wallace, Mike (Michael L.) II. Title.
F128.3.W35 1998 974.7′1—dc21 97-39308
10 9 8 7 6 5 4
Printed in the United States of America
on acid-free paper
Contents
Introduction
PART ONE LENAPE COUNTRY AND NEW AMSTERDAM TO 1664
1. First Impressions The physical setting. From Ice Age to Indian ecosystems. European exploration of the lower Hudson Valley in the sixteenth century.
2. The Men Who Bought Manhattan Holland breaks with Spain. The Dutch West India Company, the fur trade, and the founding of New Amsterdam in 1626.
3. Company Town New Amsterdam’s first twenty years. Race, sex, and trouble with the English. Kieft’s War against the Indians.
4. Stuyvesant Peter Stuyvesant to the rescue. Law and order. Slavery and the slave trade. Expansion of settlement on Manhattan and Long Island.
5. A City Lost, a City Gained Local disaffection with Stuyvesant’s rule and the organization of municipal government. Stuyvesant’s conflict with Jews, Lutherans, and Quakers. Anglo-Dutch war and the English conquest of 1664.
PART TWO BRITISH NEW YORK (1664-1783)
6. Empire and Oligarchy The persistence of Dutch law and folkways under the duke of York’s lenient proprietorship. Slow economic and demographic expansion. The Dutch briefly recapture the city.
7. Jacob Leisler’s Rebellion Taut times in the 1680s. Protestants and Catholics, English and Dutch, new grandees and disaffected commoners. Leisler’s uprising as Dutch last stand and “people’s Revolution.”
8. Heats and Animosityes The English anglicize New York: church and state, docks and lots, scavengers and constables, Stadthuis to City Hall. Privateering, piracy, and Captain Kidd. Domestic politics and international conflict through Queen Anne’s War (1715).
9. In the Kingdom of Sugar The West Indian connection: white gold, black slaves, yellow fever. The town that trade built: shipyards and refineries, barristers and Jack Tars. Germans and Irish, Catholics and Jews.
10. One Body Corporate and Politic? A new charter establishes the colonialcity as self-governing corporation. Rules and regulations for dealing with disobedient servants, rebellious slaves, the disorderly poor.
11. Recession, Revival, and Rebellion Trade slump. The Zenger affair, religious revivals, and the “Negro Conspiracy” of 1741.
12. War and Wealth Imperial wars in the 1740s and 1750s as route to riches: provisioners and privateers. Empire and industry. Refined patrician precincts, artisanal wards, municipal improvements.
13. Crises Peace and depression. Hardship after 1763. The British crackdown and local resistance. The Sons of Liberty and Stamp Act rioters. A temporary victory.
14. The Demon of Discord Renewed imperial extractions. Revived opposition to Great Britian, 1766-1775. Popular politics and religion. Whigs and Tories.
15. Revolution