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in mid-nineteenth century, 653, 668, 672, 683, 745, 751, 803-4, 815, 854

parades on, 430

and prostitution, 803-4

in revolutionary New York, 229

in 1790s and early 1800s, 359-60, 364

utilities on, 589, 1065

Canals, 335, 419, 429-31, 445, 616. See also specific canal

Canarsee Indians, 8, 29, 40, 68, 86

Canarsie, 1227

Cannon’s Tavern, 247

Cape May, 18

Cape’s Tavern, 260, 261

Capitalism, 553-54, 865-66, 1022, 1090, 1203-6, 1226, 1235. See also Socialism

Capitoline Grounds, 974-75

Carey’s bawdy house, 407, 408

Caribbean: American investments in, 1211

and Anglo-Dutch relations, 63, 71, 82

and Anglo-French relations, 191

English influence in, 71

pirates in, 121

and post-revolutionary New York, 265

slavery in, 122

trade in, 120, 121, 122-23, 315, 325, 333, 434-35

West India Company trading in, 41. See also British West Indies; French West Indies; West Indies; specific island

Carl Schurz Park, 219

Carltonand Smith, 1048

Carmine Street, 893

Carnegie Hall, 1078

Carpenters, 320, 392, 393, 448, 515, 519, 603, 772, 884, 1122

Carriage Factory, 1013

Carriage promenade, 952

Carroll Gardens, 728, 933

Carroll Hall, 631, 632

Carroll Park, 972

Carrville, 854, 897, 993

Cartlidge porcelain factory, 661

Cartmen: blacks as, 249

in colonial New York, 141, 183, 187-88

in early nineteenth century, 314, 521

and economy of colonial New York, 183, 187-88

in 1830s, 596-97, 598, 608

housing for, 187–88

and immigrants, 741

Irish as, 741, 744

in late seventeenth century, 98, 101

and Leisler, 98

licensing of, 101, 183, 356, 451, 521, 825

merchants complain about, 93

and merchants’ networks, 121

in mid-nineteenth century, 623, 741, 744, 825

and money, 310

in post-revolutionary New York, 310

prices of, 183

in proprietary New York, 85, 88, 93

rates of, 141

in revolutionary New York, 211

in 1790s and early 1800s, 356

strike by, 93

taverns of, 211

voting by, 330

Casino Theater, 1149, 1150

Castle Garden, 456, 465, 573, 675, 711, 738, 739, 813, 815, 822, 1111, 1112, 1122, 1128, 1157

Castle Island, 19

Castle Williams, 423

Cathedral Parkway, 1190

Catherine Market, 354, 403

Catherine Slip, 368

Catherine Street, 118, 123, 390, 391, 392, 437, 589, 643, 1000

Catholic Club, 1107

Catholic Orphan Asylum, 503

Catholic Protectory, 784

Catholic Total Abstinence and Benevolent Society, 776

Catholics: and abortion, 807-8

and Assembly, 133

barred from public office, 402

blacks as, 544

in Bronx, 750

in Brooklyn, 480, 750, 1094

charities of, 1005

children of, 630, 783-84, 1162

and cholera epidemic, 593

church property of, 752

and Civil War, 871, 885-86, 894

and class issues, 1094-95, 1107

in colonial New York, 104, 105, 112, 162, 163–64

and Duke of York as Catholic, 72

in early nineteenth century, 463, 479, 480-81, 501, 503, 530

in 1830s, 542-45, 546, 551, 555-56, 593

and elections of 1886, 1103–6

in England, 94, 95

and entertainment, 1136, 1154

and evangelical religion, 776

expansion of number of, 749-52

first church for, 273

first Mass of, 401

and French threat, 96

and Good Government, 1193, 1201

and Grade as first Irish-Catholic mayor, 1104

and “Great Negro Plot” of 1741, 162, 163–64

and Gunpowder Plot, 107

and health issues, 751

and holidays, 463

Hughes leadership of, 629-31, 749-52

as immigrants, 130-31, 132, 273

in late nineteenth century, 938, 939, 976, 1004-8, 1016, 1027, 1047, 1087, 1088, 1090, 1094-95, 1101, 1103-6, 1107, 1136, 1154, 1156, 1161-62, 1169, 1171, 1193, 1201

as lawyers, 1047

in mid-nineteenth century, 620, 629-31, 632, 633, 743, 748, 749-52, 774, 775, 776, 782, 783-84, 785, 828, 829, 853, 862

as middle class, 750-51, 752

and morality, 1156, 1161-62, 1169

in New Amsterdam/New Netherland, 57, 59, 60

and New York as archdiocese, 751-52, 783-84

and Nicholson administration, 96

parish fairs of, 1101

and politics, 1107

as poor, 503

in post-revolutionary New York, 273

power and influence of,