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and Good Government, 1192-93, 1194, 1202

of Grant administration, 1015-16

and image of political parties, 320

of inspectors, 520

in late nineteenth century, 930-31, 935, 948, 979, 1101, 1005, 1009, 1010, 1015-16, 1021, 1022, 1028, 1029, 1056, 1069, 1096, 1099, 1137, 1192-93, 1194, 1202

in mid-nineteenth century, 636, 637, 658, 788, 847

and municipal government, 330

and Panic of 1857, 847

of police, 636, 637, 1101, 1192-93, 1202, 1231

and politics, 979, 1001

and poor relief, 1028, 1029

in post-revolutionary New York, 301

and public works, 1009

and railroads, 900

of Tammany, 1005, 1009, 1010

and utilities, 1069

on waterfront, 949

“Corsair Compact,” 1044

Cortelyou House, 237

Cortlandt Avenue, 948

Cortlandt Manor, 105

Cortlandt Street, 187, 343, 373, 396, 610, 702

Cotton: and Civil War, 865, 899, 904

and development of financial district, 940

in early nineteenth century, 321, 335-36, 429, 430, 433, 434, 440, 444

and events leading to Civil War, 843, 851, 852

in late nineteenth century, 940

in mid-nineteenth century, 852, 860

and Panic of 1837, 611-12, 615, 616

Cotton Exchange, 1033

Cotton mills, 307

Council of Appointment, 257, 267, 329, 330, 353, 354, 357, 415, 512, 513

Council of Eight, 39

Council of Good Government Clubs, 1193

Council of Revision, 257, 267, 268, 285-86, 349, 512, 513

Council for the Southern District, 266, 269

Counter-Remonstrant party (Netherlands), 19, 41

Counties, 91-92, 266, 283, 1109. See also specific county

Country clubs, 375

Country houses, 178-79. See also Estates

specific estate; Summer homes

County courts: creation of, 92

County Medical Society, 968

Court of Appeals, 836, 839, 1056, 1057

Court of Chancery, 564–61

Court of Common Pleas, 109, 267, 278, 353, 365, 414

Court of General Sessions, 143, 267, 323, 353, 365, 593

Court of Sessions, 504

Court Street, 237, 581

Courts: and British colonial policy, 196

and British occupation of New York, 249, 250

and Colden administration, 196

in colonial New York, 136, 151, 152

common-law, 818

and Dutch culture, 89, 136

in early nineteenth century, 323–24

equity, 817–18

and farmers’ insurgency, 204

in late seventeenth century, 97

and Lincoln’s funeral procession, 904

in Massachusetts, 215

in mid-nineteenth century, 775, 817-18, 820

and “Montgomerie Charter,” 139

in New Netherland, 70

and politics, 152, 1099

in post-revolutionary New York, 278

in proprietary New York, 89, 92, 93

and resistance to British policies, 196, 203

and women’s rights, 820. See also specific ease; type of court

Covenant Chain, 86

“Coverture” doctrine, 284

Cow Bay Alley, 484

Cows, 786, 788

Crabtree Avenue, 855

Crabtree and Wilkinson, 662 Craftsman (English Tory paper), 152, 153, 155

Craftsmen: and blacks, 151, 554, 993

and class issues, 53, 141

in colonial New York, 151, 174, 192, 194

debts of, 192

and Democratic-Republicans, 319

and Depression of 1830, 616

in early nineteenth century, 319, 330, 475, 515

and economy, 192

in 1830s, 554

and entertainment, 1134

and events leading to Civil War, 862

Germans as, 800, 1116

immigrants 88, 194, 742, 1116, 1122

Irish as, 1116

Italians as, 1122

in late nineteenth century, 974, 993, 1080, 1089, 1090, 1116, 1122

and Leisler, 98

in mid-nineteenth century, 621, 742, 800, 823, 862

as middle class, 974

in New Amsterdam, 53

and nonimportation, 212

and organized labor, 1089, 1090, 1107

and politics, 515, 621, 823

in proprietary New York, 88-89

in revolutionary New York, 212

in 1790s and early 1800s, 375, 405

slaves as, 151

and taxes, 88

voting by, 330

wages of, 174

workplace of, 142, 475

Crash of 1873, 1020-38, 1042, 1060, 1092

“Cravath system,” 1047

Creed Into Deed philosophy, 1173-74

Cremorne (concert saloon), 957

Cricket clubs, 247, 733

Crime: abortion as, 809-10

and British occupation of New York, 250, 251-52

in colonial New York, 144, 146, 151, 185

and Consolidation, 1224

and corruption,