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in colonial New York, 153, 170

counterfeit, 680-81

and Crash of 1873, 1024

and crime, 999

and devaluation of copper pennies, 181

in early nineteenth century, 446, 519

and economy in colonial New York, 192, 196

in 1830s, 601, 607, 613-14, 615-16

expansion of private, 124

gold as, 900-901

and Good Government, 1203-6

greenbacks as, 876-77, 900, 989, 999, 1021

Hamilton’s proposals about, 303-4, 307

in late nineteenth century, 988, 989, 999, 1024

Madison’s proposals about, 304

in mid-nineteenth century, 845

in New Amsterdam, 47–48

and organized labor, 988, 1091

and Panic of 1857, 845

paper, 153, 156, 196, 279-80, 302, 883, 988

in post-revolutionary New York, 279-80, 302-4, 306, 300-10

and ratification of Constitution, 290

reform of, 988, 989

Monitor, 874, 904

Monopolies: in early nineteenth century, 432-33, 450-51, 517, 518, 519, 520, 522, 527

ferries as, 608

in late nineteenth century, 1056, 1092, 1100, 1218

and Leisler, 100

in New Amsterdam, 47

organized labor as, 606

and Panic of 1837, 614

in post-revolutionary New York, 269, 274

steamboat, 432-33

and working class, 517, 518, 519, 520, 522

Monroe Doctrine, 1210

Monroe Street, 340, 389

Montague Street, 728, 934, 1191, 1227

Montana Apartments, 1080

Montauk Club, 1227, 1228

Montauk Indians, 146

Montayne’s Tavern, 211, 228 “Montgomeric Charter,” 138-41, 146, 257, 267

Montgomery Street, 340, 363, 375

Montreal, 18, 72, 100-101, 117, 167, 191

Montserrat, 119. See also Leeward Islands

Moody’s, 1046

Moore Street, 46

Moral war: in mid-

nineteenth century, 640-41

Morality: and British occupation of New York, 251-52

and business community, 777, 1137

and Catholics, 1156, 1161-62, 1169

and class issues, 782-84, 1160, 1167

in colonial New York, 103, 144, 180

and Corns-lock reforms, 1013-16

and Crash of 1873, 1032, 1036

and culture, 1165-67

in early nineteenth century, 412, 452, 493-508, 517, 518, 530-41

in 1830s, 569, 590, 591, 593, 605-6

and entertainment, 1136-38, 1148, 1162-65

and evangelical religion, 529-41

and Federalists, 384

and feminism, 802, 803

and Good Government, 1194, 1202–3

and health, 590, 591, 593, 784-88, 1162-63

and immigrants, 753, 1156-57, 1164, 1167

and industrialization, 518

of Irish, 828

in late nineteenth century, 1013-16, 1032, 1136-38, 1148, 1153, 1155-69, 1186, 1202–3

in mid-nineteenth century, 621, 624, 640-41, 753, 758, 775-78, 782-88, 802, 803, 806, 815, 828, 838, 846

and middle class, 970, 980, 1156-69

in New Amsterdam, 33-35, 42-43, 46, 58

and newspapers, 1153

and organized labor, 605-6

and Panic of 1857, 846

and police, 1160, 1163, 1164, 1167, 1168

and politics, 621

and poor relief, 412, 1158-61

and poor/poverty, 383-85, 593, 624, 1186

in post-revolutionary New York, 269-70

and prostitutes, 806

and Protestants, 1119, 1156-69

and race, 1168

and radicals, 594

and reform, 493-508

and republicanism, 301

and schools, 408-501

in 1700s and early 1800s, 383-85

and speculation, 569

and Sunday closing, 1202-3

and Sunday school movement, 499-500

and theater, 452, 758, 815

and vagrancy, 1032

and welfare, 1158-61

and Whigs, 269

and women, 536-41, 1032, 1158, 1160, 1162, 1167

and working class, 605-6, 1156, 1165, 1167

and working conditions, 1102. See also Social Gospel

Moravian Church, 234

Moravian Young Ladies Seminary, 377

Morgan Iron Works, 567, 659, 874

Morning Journal, 1213-14

Morning side Park, 1011, 1190

Morocco Company, 71

Morris Canal, 431-32, 445, 567

Morris Grove, 857

Morris Heights, 1055

Morrisania, 36, 87, 105, 123, 132, 246, 255, 661, 718, 728, 745, 746, 807, 1054, 1055, 1220

Morrisites, 151–53, 155–56, 158, 320. See also Morris, Lewis

Mose (fictional character), 758-60

“Mother Zion,” 483, 488, 855, 856, 857; See also African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church

Mott Haven, 661, 718, 728, 745, 944, 992, 1054, 1055

Mott Haven Canal, 661

Mott Street, 384, 480, 544, 665,