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in early nineteenth century, 314, 315, 316, 325, 350, 412, 475, 486, 496, 498

entertainment for, 486, 996

and Golden Hill battle, 211

and “Great Negro Plot” of 1741, 163

holidays for, 190

immigrants as, 1127

impressment of, 182, 193, 315, 321, 325, 409-10

indigent, 382

Irish as, 741, 744

in late nineteenth century, 993, 996

in mid-nineteenth century, 741, 744, 746, 805

and nonimportation, 199, 212

outmigration of, 165

and prostitutes, 805

and ratification of Constitution, 290

and reform, 496, 498

in revolutionary New York, 211, 212

in 1790s and early 1800s, 382, 393

and Sons of Liberty, 201

taverns for, 188

as unemployed, 412

wages for, 182

Seamen’s Bank for Savings, 445

Seamstresses, 346, 382, 530, 664, 665-66, 743, 801, 802, 816, 960, 992, 1091, 1123

Second Advent of Christ, 628

Second Avenue, 389, 422, 579, 582-83, 695, 751, 787, 826, 889, 890, 893, 929, 930, 994, 1054, 1228

“Second Declaration of Independence to the Citizens of New York, 330-31

Second Free Presbyterian Church, 530

Second German Baptist Church, 1170

Second Great Awakening, 481

Second National Guard Division, 1036

Second Street, 544, 582-83, 504, 751, 787, 970

Second Unitarian Church, 1175

Second Ward, 663

Sedgwick Street, 884

Sedition Act, 327, 348

Segregation: of blacks, 547-51

Semaphore poles, 440

Senate, New York State, 256, 266

Senate, U.S., 296, 297, 321

Seneca Chief, 430

Seneca Falls convention, 818

Seneca Indians, 13, 146

Seneca Village, 480, 747-48, 792, 854, 1104

Separation of powers, 306

Separatists: at Plymouth colony, 23. See also Calvinism; Pilgrims

Servants: blacks as, 547, 554, 561, 804, 897, 993

in brothels, 804

in colonial New York, 142, 143, 146, 184, 188, 189, 192, 194

and dancing, 816

disciplining of, 93

domestic, 184

in early nineteenth century, 478, 534

in 1830s, 547, 554, 561

and entertainment, 1134

indentured, 54, 128, 130, 131, 142, 143, 144, 146, 160, 192, 194, 248, 285

Irish as, 131, 132, 478, 547, 554, 671, 813, 897, 1080, 1093

in late nineteenth century, 973-74, 993, 1073, 1080, 1093, 1134

in mid-nineteenth century, 801, 804, 806, 813, 816, 845

for middle class, 731-32, 973-74

in New Amsterdam, 44-45, 54

in proprietary New York, 93

prostitutes as, 806

punishments for, 156

in revolutionary New York, 229

runaway, 59, 131-32, 189

in 1790s and early 1800s, 406

slaves as, 127-28, 287

as source of gossip, 1073

women as, 144, 406, 547, 801

Settlement Act (1662), 145

Settlement patterns, 36, 40

Settlements, 1174-76, 1181, 1185, 1188, 1206, 1236

Seven Sisters, 959

Seven Years War, 167, 191, 201, 233

Seventeenth Street, 578, 887

Seventh Avenue: in early nineteenth century, 421, 480

in late nineteenth century, 1057, 1064, 1075, 1078, 1149

in mid-nineteenth century, 627, 747, 840, 959

railroad on, 1057

utilities on, 1064

Seventh Regiment, 763, 839, 868-69, 870, 880, 895, 904, 1005, 1006, 1036, 1037, 1077

Seventh Regiment Armory, 1038, 1077

Seventh Street, 389, 421, 651, 782, 800

Seventh Ward, 387, 389, 489, 619, 823

71st Street, 964, 1097

72nd Street, 1079

73rd Street, 1154

74th Street, 447

75th Street, 791

76th Street, 745, 1086, 1175

77th Street, 1086

79th Street, 627, 930

Seward Park, 178

Seward Square, 1116

Sewers: in Brooklyn, 934

and city development, 931

and city-state relations, 837

in colonial New York, 111, 185

in 1830s, 588-59

in late nineteenth century, 930, 931, 934, 991

in mid-nineteenth century, 784, 787, 790, 837

and working class housing, 991. See also Public works

Sewing machines, 665-66

Sex: commercial, 957, 959

and double standard, 377, 1018

in early nineteenth century, 524, 533-41

in 1830s, 545-46, 555-56

as entertainment, 1141–44

and exploitation of women, 406-7

and Grahamites, 533-344

interracial, 555-56

in late nineteenth century, 1141-44

and nativism, 545-46

and newspapers, 524

in 1790s and early 1800s, 406-7. See also