Gotham_ A History of New York City to 1898 - Edwin G. Burrows [2]
40. Seeing New York Flaneuring the city. Crowds and civilization. Lights and shadows. Mysteries and histories. Poe, Melville, Whitman, and the city as literary subject.
41. Life Above Bleecker The new bourgeoise repairs to its squares. Uppertendom opulence and middle-class respectability. Sex, feminism, baseball, religion, and death.
42. City of Immigrants New immigrant and working-class neighborhoods in the 1840s and 1850s. Irish and Germans at work and play. Jews and Catholics. B ‘hoys and boxing. The underworld and the world of Mose.
43. Co-op City Plebeian opposition to the new urban order: the Astor Riot, land reform, co-ops, nativism, red republicanism, unionism.
44. Into the Crazy-Loved Dens of Death Upper- and middle-class reformers debate laissez-faire and environmentalism. Welfare, education, health, housing, recreation. Central Park.
45. Feme Decovert The homosoc ial city. Female discontents and feminist demands. Prostitution exposed. Abortion defended. Free love and fashion. Jenny Lind and commercial culture.
46. Louis Napoleon and Fernando Wood Eyeing Haussmann’s Paris. City-building, Tammany style. Municipal politics indicted. Mayor Wood as civic hero. The loss of home rule. Police riots and Dead Rabbits.
47. The Panic of 1857 The boom falters. New Yorkers divide over how to deal with hard times.
48. The House Divides Sectional and racial antagonisms. Republicans, blacks, the struggle for civil rights. John Brown’s body.
49. Civil Wars The city’s mercantile elite first backs the South, then swings into the Union camp. B’hoys, g’hals, and reformers to war. New York’s role in financing and supplying the war effort forges the Shoddy Aristocracy. Carnage and class.
50. The Battle for New York The politics of Emancipation and death. The Draft Riots. The plot to burn New York.
51. Westward, Ho! The merchant community, its historic ties to the South ruptured, turns westward. Railroading sustains boom into the late 1860s and 1870s. Wall Street and the West. The West and Wall Street.
52. Reconstructing New York Radical Republicans seek to reform housing, health, and fire fighting and to win the black franchise.
53. City Building Boss Tweed builds roads, bridges, sewers, rapid transit, and parks. Urban expansion: upper Manhattan, Brooklyn, and Queens. Rapid transit and Brooklyn Bridge. Downtown business districts: finance, rails, communication, Ladies’ Mile, and the Radio.
54. Haut Monde and Demimonde The wealthy fashion a culture of extravagant pleasure, modeled on the lifestyle of Parisian aristocrats (plus a dash of Dodge City).
55. The Professional-Managerial Class The middle class expands in size, deepens in self-awareness, elaborates distinctive patterns of domesticity, education, religion, amusement, and politics.
56. Eight Hours for What We Will The laboring classes at work, at home, at play. Resurgent union, radical, and nationalist movements.
57. The New York Commune? The Tweed Ring toppled in early 1870s, for running up a massive municipal debt and for failing, at a time when the Paris Commune has unnerved local elites, to “manage” the Irish working class (as evidenced in the bloody Orange riots along Eighth Avenue).
58. Work or Bread! The boom collapses in 1873, pitching the city into long-lived depression. Working class demands for unemployed assistance, paced by German socialists, are met by grim assertion of order at Tompkins Square, and cutbacks in welfare.
PART FIVE INDUSTRIAL CENTER AND CORPORATE COMMAND POST (1880-1898)
59. Manhattan, Inc. The economy revives. New York facilitates national industrialization, spawns corporate economy. Banks, exchanges, trade, advertising, marketing, communication flourish, housed in ever taller commercial buildings.
60. Bright Lights, Big City T. A. Edison, J. P. Morgan, and the electrification of the city.
61. Châteaux Society New industrial and financial elites gatecrash old mercantile society. Manhattan Medici create lavish upper-class order, for gegenteel cultural institutions.
62. “The Leeches Must Go!” Henry George’s 1886 mayoralty campaign.