Gulag_ A History - Anne Applebaum [359]
59. Starostin, pp. 83–88.
60. GARF document in the author’s possession, no reference.
61. Ibid.
62. This is the argument in Goldhagen.
63. Smirnova, interview with the author.
64. Andreevna, interview with the author.
65. Arginskaya, interview with the author.
66. GARF, 8131/37/100.
67. R. Medvedev, p. 282.
68. Razgon, p. 221.
69. Gorchakov, L–1–105, pp. 156–57.
70. Pryadilov, pp. 81–95.
71. GARF, 8131/37/1253.
72. Levinson, p. 40.
73. Zhigulin, p. 154; Sandratskaya, unpublished memoir, p. 51.
74. Gnedin, p. 117.
75. Berdinskikh, p. 22.
76. GARF, 9489/2/20 and 9401/1a/61.
77. Bulgakov, interview with the author.
78. GARF, 8131/37/809.
79. Zhigulin, p. 157.
80. Berdinskikh, p. 22.
81. Dyakov, p. 65.
82. Lipper, pp. 241–43.
83. Ivanova, Labor Camp Socialism, p. 149.
84. Ulyanovskaya, p. 316.
85. Kozlov, “Sevvostlag NKVD SSSR,” p. 89.
86. Weiner, “Nature, Nurture and Memory in a Socialist Utopia.”
87. Zhigulin, p. 157.
88. Stajner, p. 69.
89. Buber-Neumann, p. 125.
90. Shreider, p. 193.
91. MacQueen.
92. Anna Zakharova, “The Defense of a Prison Camp Official,” in Cohen, p. 143.
93. Anonymous interview with the author.
94. Hochschild, p. 65.
95. MacQueen.
96. Razgon, p. 214.
97. GARF, 8131/37/809.
98. Berdinskikh, p. 28.
99. Zarod, p. 94.
100. GARF, 8131/37.
14: The Prisoners
1. Dostoevsky, p. 29.
2. E. Ginzburg, Journey into the Whirlwind, pp. 353–54.
3. Gorbatov, p. 125.
4. Ekart, pp. 71–74.
5. Ioffe, pp. 8–9.
6. Razgon, p. 184.
7. Colonna-Czosnowski, p. 109.
8. Varese, pp. 162–64.
9. Abramkin and Chesnokova, pp. 7–22.
10. Ibid.
11. Dostoevsky, p. 35.
12. Abramkin and Chenokova, p. 10.
13. Razgon, p. 185.
14. Dolgun, pp. 139–60.
15. Korallov, interview with the author.
16. Abramkin and Chenokova, p. 9.
17. Korallov, interview with the author.
18. Varese, pp. 146–50.
19. N. Medvedev, pp. 14–16.
20. Ibid.
21. Shalamov, Kolyma Tales, p. 411.
22. Solzhenitsyn, The Gulag Archipelago, vol. II, p. 445.
23. Zhigulin, p. 136.
24. Berdinskikh, pp. 291–315.
25. Hoover, Polish Ministry of Information Collection, Box 114, Folder 2.
26. A. Akarevich, “Blatnye slova,” Solovetskie Ostrova , February 1925, no. 2 (SKM).
27. Guberman, pp. 72–73.
28. GARF, 9489/2/15.
29. Shalamov, Kolyma Tales, p. 7.
30. Feldgun, unpublished memoir.
31. Berdinskikh, p. 132.
32. Solzhenitsyn, The Gulag Archipelago, vol. II, p. 441.
33. Sgovio, pp. 165–69.
34. GARF, 8131/37/1261.
35. Likhachev, “Kartezhnye igri ugolovnikov,” Solovetskie Ostrova, 1930, no. 1., pp. 32–35 (SKM).
36. Finkelstein, interview with the author.
37. Herling, p. 18.
38. Hoover, Polish Ministry of Information Collection, Box 113, Folder 2.
39. Gorbatov, pp. 140–41.
40. Colonna-Czosnowski, pp. 126–31.
41. Antonov-Ovseenko, The Time of Stalin, p. 316.
42. Varese, p. 159.
43. Finkelstein, interview with the author.
44. Zemskov, “Zaklyuchennie v 1930-e gody,” p. 68.
45. Dugin “Gulag Glazomi Istovikei”; Zemskov, ibid., p. 65.
46. Adamova-Sliozberg, “My Journey,” in Vilensky, Till My Tale Is Told, p. 2.
47. Elletson, p. 2.
48. Kuchin, Polyansky ITL, pp. 37–38.
49. Ekart, p. 69.
50. E. Ginzburg, Within the Whirlwind, pp. 334–35; Razgon, p. 93.
51. Razgon, p. 93.
52. Shalamov, Kolyma Tales, pp. 258–59.
53. Warwick, unpublished memoir.
54. Frid, p. 235.
55. Federolf, p. 123.
56. Purizhinskaya, interview with the author.
57. Trus, interview with the author.
58. Gagen-Torn, p. 77.
59. Razgon, p. 138.
60. Ekart, p. 192.
61. Leipman, p. 69.
62. Ekart, pp. 67–68.
63. Noble, p. 121.
64. Leipman, p. 89.
65. Ekart, p. 191.
66. Dostoevsky, p. 51.
67. Chukhin, Kanaloarmeetsi, pp. 164–67.
68. GARF, 9489/2/5.
69. Herling-Grudziski, p. 25.
70. S. I. Kuznetsov.
71. Polonsky.
72. MacQueen.
73. Panin, p. 187.
74. Stajner, p. 203.
75. Solzhenitsyn, The Gulag Archipelago, vol. III, p. 401.
76. Hoover, Adam Galinski Collection.
77. Wat, p. 147.
78. Khachatryan, interview with the author.
79. Buca, p. 122.
80. Negretov, interview with the author.
81. Korallov, interview with the author.