Hope's Edge_ The Next Diet for a Small Planet - Frances Moore Lappe [160]
26. Georg Borgstrom, Michigan State University, presentation to the Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 1981.
27. Ibid.
28.“The Browning of America,” Newsweek, February 22, 1981, pp. 26 ff.
29. To arrive at an estimate of 50 percent, I used Soil Degradation: Effects on Agricultural Productivity, Interim Report Number Four of the National Agricultural Lands Study, 1980, which estimates that 81 percent of all water consumed in the United States is for irrigation. And I used the Fact Book of U.S. Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Misc. Publication No. 1065, November 1979, Table 3, which shows that about 64 percent of irrigated land is used for feed crops, hay, and pasture. Sixty-four percent of 81 percent is 52 percent.
30. Philip M. Raup, “Competition for Land and the Future of American Agriculture,” in The Future of American Agriculture as a Strategic Resource, edited by Sandra S. Batie and Robert G. Healy, A Conservation Foundation Conference, July 14, 1980, Washington, D.C., pp. 36–43. Also see William Franklin Lagrone, “The Great Plains,” in Another Revolution in U.S. Farming?, Lyle Schertz and others, U.S. Department of Agriculture, ESCS, Agricultural Economic Report No. 441, December 1979, pp. 335–61. The estimate of grain-fed beefs dependence on the Ogallala is from a telephone interview with resource economist Joe Harris of the consulting firm Camp, Dresser, McKee (Austin, Texas), part of four-year government-sponsored study: “The Six State High Plains Ogallala Aquifer Agricultural Regional Resource Study,” May 1980.
31. William Franklin Lagrone, “The Great Plains,” op. cit., pp. 356 ff.
32. “Report: Nebraska’s Water Wealth is Deceptive,” Omaha World-Herald, May 28, 1981.
33. Giannini Foundation of Agricultural Economics, Trends in California Livestock and Poultry Production, Consumption, and Feed Use: 1961–1978, Information Series 80–5, Division of Agricultural Sciences, University of California Bulletin 1899, November 1980, pp. 30–33.
34. General Accounting Office, Groundwater Overdrafting Must Be Controlled, Report to the Congress of the United States by the Comptroller General, CED 80–96, September 12, 1980, p.3.
35. Donald Worster, Dust Bowl: The Southern Plains in the 1930’s (New York: Oxford University Press, 1979), p. 236.
36. William Brune, State Conservationist, Soil Conservation Service, Des Moines, Iowa, testimony before Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry, July 6, 1976. See also Seth King, “Iowa Rain and Wind Deplete Farmlands,” New York Times, December 5, 1976, p. 61.
37. “In Plymouth County, Iowa, the Rich Topsoil’s Going Fast. Alas,” Curtis Harnack, New York Times, July 11, 1980.
38. Pimentel et al., “Land Degradation: Effects on Food and Energy Resources,” in Science, vol. 194, October 1976, p. 150.
39. National Association of Conservation Districts, Washington, D.C., Soil Degradation: Effects on Agricultural Productivity, Interim Report Number Four, National Agricultural Lands Study, 1980, p. 20, citing the 1977 National Resources Inventory.
40. Calculated from estimates by Medard Gabel for the Cornucopia Project, c/o Rodale Press, Inc., Emmaus, Pa. 18049. See the description of this project among the organizations in Part IV.
41. Seth King, “Farms Go Down the River,” New York Times, December 10, 1978, citing the Soil Conservation Service.
42. Ned D. Bayley, Acting Assistant Secretary for Natural Resources and Environment, “Soil and Water Resource Conservation Outlook for the 1980’s,” 1981 Agricultural Outlook Conference, Washington, D.C.
43. Soil Degradation: Effects on Agricultural Productivity, op. cit., p. 21.
44. W. E. Larson, “Protecting the Soil Resource Base,” Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, vol. 36, number 1, January-February 1981, pp. 13 ff.
45. Soil and Water Resources Conservation