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the Medical Research Council and the University of Bristol, advancing the understanding of synaptic plasticity in normal human functioning, especially during learning and memory and in certain pathological states such as Alzheimer's disease, memory loss, and epilepsy. For an online list of relevant research papers, see http://www.bris.ac.uk/synaptic/research/res2.html.

18. Polley DB, Kvasnak E, Frostig RD. Naturalisitic experience transforms sensory maps in the adult cortex of caged animals. Nature. 2004;429: 67–71.

Frostig RD. Functional organization and plasticity in the adult rat barrel cortex: moving out-of-the-box. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2006; 16:1–6.

CHAPTER 2. DO YOU EVEN NEED GOD TO PRAY? (PAGES 22-40)

1. Charlton RA, McIntyre DJ, Howe FA, Morris RG, Markus HS. The relationship between white matter brain metabolites and cognition in normal aging: the GENIE study. Brain Res. 2007 Aug 20;1164:108–16.

2. Damoiseaux JS, Beckmann CF, Arigita EJ, Barkhof F, Scheltens P, Stam CJ, Smith SM, Rombouts SA. Reduced resting-state brain activity in the default network in normal aging. Cereb Cortex. 2007 Dec 5.

Allain P, Kauffmann M, Dubas F, Berrut G, Le Gall D. Executive functioning and normal aging: a study of arithmetic word-problem-solving. Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil. 2007 Dec;5(4):315–25.

Charlton RA, Barrick TR, McIntyre DJ, Shen Y, O'Sullivan M, Howe FA, Clark CA, Morris RG, Markus HS. White matter damage on diffusion tensor imaging correlates with age-related cognitive decline. Neurology. 2006 Jan 24;66(2):217–22.

Lamar M, Yousem DM, Resnick SM. Age differences in orbitofrontal activation: an fMRI investigation of delayed match and nonmatch to sample. Neuroimage. 2004 Apr;21(4):1368–76.

MacPherson SE, Phillips LH, Della Sala S. Age, executive function, and social decision making: a dorsolateral prefrontal theory of cognitive aging. Psychol Aging. 2002 Dec;17(4):598–609.

3. There are several versions of “sa-ta-na-ma” meditation, but its most popular form was introduced to Westerners by Yogi Bhajan, who came to the United States in 1969 to teach students a variety of kundalini and tantric yoga techniques drawn from various Eastern practices.

4. Sathyaprabha TN, Satishchandra P, Pradhan C, Sinha S, Kaveri B, Thennarasu K, Murthy BT, Raju TR. Modulation of cardiac autonomic balance with adjuvant yoga therapy in patients with refractory epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2008 Feb;12(2):245–52.

Paul G, Elam B, Verhulst SJ. A longitudinal study of students’ perceptions of using deep breathing meditation to reduce testing stresses. Teach Learn Med. 2007 Summer;19(3):287–92.

Brazier A, Mulkins A, Verhoef M. Evaluating a yogic breathing and meditation intervention for individuals living with HIV/AIDS. Am J Health Pro-mot. 2006 Jan–Feb;20(3):192–5.

Mehling WE, Hamel KA, Acree M, Byl N, Hecht FM. Randomized, controlled trial of breath therapy for patients with chronic low-back pain. Altern Ther Health Med. 2005 Jul–Aug;11(4):44–52.

Cohen L, Warneke C, Fouladi RT, Rodriguez MA, Chaoul-Reich A. Psychological adjustment and sleep quality in a randomized trial of the effects of a Tibetan yoga intervention in patients with lymphoma. Cancer. 2004 May 15;100(10):2253–60.

5. Telles S, Raghuraj P, Maharana S, Nagendra HR. Immediate effect of three yoga breathing techniques on performance on a letter-cancellation task. Percept Mot Skills. 2007 Jun;104(3 Pt 2):1289–96.

Naveen KV, Nagarathna R, Nagendra HR, Telles S. Yoga breathing through a particular nostril increases spatial memory scores without lateralized effects. Psychol Rep. 1997 Oct;81(2):555–61.

Jella SA, Shannahoff-Khalsa DS. The effects of unilateral forced nostril breathing on cognitive performance. Int J Neurosci. 1993 Nov;73(1–2):61–8.

6. Sharma H, Datta P, Singh A, Sen S, Bhardwaj NK, Kochupillai V, Singh N. Gene expression profiling in practitioners of Sudarshan Kriya. J Psychosom Res. 2008 Feb;64(2):213–8.

Kochupillai V, Kumar P, Singh D, Aggarwal D, Bhardwaj N, Bhutani M, Das SN. Effect of rhythmic breathing (Sudarshan Kriya