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How God Changes Your Brain - Andrew Newberg, M. D_ [157]

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–3):448–52.

51. Schürmann M, Hesse MD, Stephan KE, Saarela M, Zilles K, Hari R, Fink GR. Yearning to yawn: the neural basis of contagious yawning. Neuroimage. 2005 Feb 15;24(4):1260–4.

52. Wong A. Why do we yawn when we are tired? And why does it seem to be contagious? Scientific American. August 12, 2002.

53. Sherer DM, Smith SA, Abramowicz JS. Fetal yawning in utero at 20 weeks gestation. J Ultrasound Med. 1991;10:68.

54. Giganti F, Hayes MJ, Cioni G, Salzarulo P. Yawning frequency and distri bution in preterm and near term infants assessed throughout 24-h recordings. Infant Behav Dev. 2007 Dec;30(4):641–7.

55. Giganti F, Hayes MJ, Akilesh MR, Salzarulo P. Yawning and behavioral states in premature infants. Dev Psychobiol. 2002 Nov;41(3):289–96.

56. Gallup A, Gallup G. Yawning as a Brain Cooling Mechanism: Nasal Breathing and Forehead Cooling Diminish the Incidence of Contagious Yawning. Evolutionary Psychology. http://www.epjournal.net—2007. 5(1): 92–101.

57. Senju A, Maeda M, Kikuchi Y, Hasegawa T, Tojo Y, Osanai H. Absence of contagious yawning in children with autism spectrum disorder. Biol Lett. 2007 Dec 22;3(6):706–8.

Wong A. Why do we yawn when we are tired? And why does it seem to be contagious? Scientific American. August 12, 2002.

58. Paukner A, Anderson JR. Video-induced yawning in stumptail macaques (Macaca arctoides). Biol Lett. 2006 Mar 22;2(1):36–8.

59. Anderson JR, Myowa-Yamakoshi M, Matsuzawa T. Contagious yawning in chimpanzees. Proceedings of the Royal Society: Biological Sciences. 2004;271, Biology Letters Supplement 6: S468–S470.

Platek SM, Critton SR, Myers TE, and Gallup GG. Jr. Contagious yawning: the role of self-awareness and mental state attribution. Cogn Brain Res. 2003;17:223-7.

60. Platek SM, Mohamed FB, Gallup GG Jr. Contagious yawning and the brain. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 2005 May;23(2–3):448–52.

61. Opar A. (Quoting psychologist Robert Provine of the University of Maryland). Scientists aren't exactly sure why we yawn, but they know yawns are contagious. Seed. May 5, 2006.

62. Provine RR. Yawning. American Scientist, 2005 Nov–Dec;93(6):532–49.

63. Kita I, Kubota N, Yanagita S, Motoki C. Intracerebroventricular administration of corticotropin-releasing factor antagonist attenuates arousal response accompanied by yawning behavior in rats. Neurosci Lett. 2008 Mar 15;433(3):205–8.

Giménez-Llort L, Cañete T, Guitart-Masip M, Fernández-Teruel A, To-beña A. Two distinctive apomorphine-induced phenotypes in the Roman high-and low-avoidance rats. Physiol Behav. 2005 Nov 15;86(4):458–66.

Díaz-Romero M, Arias-Montaño JA, Eguibar JR, Flores G. Enhanced binding of dopamine D1 receptors in caudate-putamen subregions in High-Yawning Sprague-Dawley rats. Synapse. 2005 May;56(2):69–73.

Nasello AG, Tieppo CA, Felicio LF. Apomorphine-induced yawning in the rat: influence of fasting and time of day. Physiol Behav. 1995 May;57(5): 967–71.

64. Singer OC, Humpich MC, Lanfermann H, Neumann-Haefelin T. Yawning in acute anterior circulation stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2007 Nov;78(11):1253–4.

Wicks P. Excessive yawning is common in the bulbar-onset form of ALS. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2007 Jul;116(1):76.

D'Andrea G, Nordera GP, Perini F, Allais G, Granella F. Biochemistry of neuromodulation in primary headaches: focus on anomalies of tyrosine metabolism. Neurol Sci. 2007 May;28 Suppl 2:S94–6.

Gutiérrez-Alvarez AM. Do your patients suffer from excessive yawning? Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2007 Jan;115(1):80–1.

65. Perriol MP, Monaca C. One person yawning sets off everyone else. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2006 Jan;77(1):3.

66. Daquin G, Micallef J, Blin O. Yawning. Sleep Med Rev. 2001 Aug;5(4):299–312.

67. Walusinski O. Yawning: unsuspected avenue for a better understanding of arousal and interoception. Med Hypotheses. 2006;67(1):6–14.

Goessler UR, Hein G, Sadick H, Maurer JT, Hormann K, Verse T. Physiology, role and neuropharmacology of yawning (German). Laryngorhi-nootologie. 2005 May;84(5):345–51.

Argiolas A, Melis MR. The

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