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13. Allen’s daughter was married to Massachusetts Governor John Usher. Under Usher’s leadership, Massachusetts bought Gorges’s claim to Maine, finalizing its annexation of the territory. Why Massachusetts did not also purchase the Mason claim is unknown. See John Gorham Palfrey, History of New England, vol. 4 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1897), 207; Belknap, History of New Hampshire, 1:252.

14. Isaac W. Hammond, ed., State of New Hampshire, Miscellaneous Provincial and State Papers: 1725–1800, vol. 18 (Manchester: John B. Clarke, 1890), 72.

Lord Fairfax

1. Worthington Chauncey Ford, ed., The Writings of George Washington, vol. 1 (New York: Putnam, 1889), 4.

2. William Hand Brown, ed., Archives of Maryland: Letters to Governor Horatio Sharpe (Baltimore: Maryland Historical Society, 1911), 15.

3. James V. L. McMahon, Historical View of the Government of Maryland, vol. 1 (Baltimore: Lucas, Cushing, 1831), 64–65.

Mason and Dixon

1. Anonymous, “The Rights o’ Man,” Punch 38 (January 28, 1860): 41.

2. Edwin Danson, Drawing the Line: How Mason and Dixon Surveyed the Most Famous Border in America (New York: John Wiley, 2001), 54–55.

3. H. W. Robinson, “Jeremiah Dixon (1733–1779): A Biographical Note,” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 94, no. 3 (June 20, 1950): 273.

4. Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, Field Notes and Astronomical Observations (autograph manuscript), in Report of the Secretary of Internal Affairs of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (Harrisburg, PA: Edwin H. Meyers, 1887), 145.

5. Thomas D. Cope, “Some Contacts of Benjamin Franklin with Mason and Dixon and Their Work,” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 95, no. 3 (June 12, 1951): 238.

Zebulon Butler

1. Williamson, James R., and Linda A. Fossler, Zebulon Butler: Hero of the Revolutionary Frontier (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1995), 14.

2. Albert Henry Smyth, ed., The Writings of Benjamin Franklin, vol. 10 (New York: Macmillan, 1907), 215.

3. Williamson and Fossler, Zebulon Butler, 61.

4. Robert J. Taylor, ed., The Susquehannah Company Papers, vol. 7 (New York: Cornell University Press, 1969), 245–46.

Ethan Allen

1. Connecticut Courant, June 1—June 8, 1773.

2. Walter Hill Crockett, Vermont: The Green Mountain State, vol. 1 (New York: Century History, 1921), 182.

3. Ibid., 338.

4. Ibid., 341.

5. Ibid., 370.

6. Hugh Moore, Memoir of Col. Ethan Allen (Plattsburgh, NY: O. R. Cook, 1834), 48–62.

7. Prentiss C. Dodge, Encyclopedia Vermont Biography (Burlington, VT: Ullery Publishing, 1912), 12.

8. Ibid., 15.

Thomas Jefferson

1. Thomas Jefferson to James Monroe, in The Jeffersonian Cyclopedia, ed. John P. Foley (New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1900), 940.

2. H. Hale Bellot, “Thomas Jefferson in American Historiography,” Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th series, vol. 4 (1954): 135–55.

3. Robert F. Berkhofer Jr., “Jefferson, the Ordinance of 1784, and the Origins of the American Territorial System,” William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd series, 29, no. 2 (April 1972): 231.

4. Jefferson to Monroe, July 9, 1786, in Berkhofer, “Jefferson, the Ordinance,” 257.

5. J. M. Keating, History of the City of Memphis, Tennessee (Syracuse, NY: D. Mason, 1888), 72–78.

6. Congress did not officially adopt Jefferson’s proposed surveying method until it enacted the Land Ordinance of 1785.

John Meares

1. J. Richard Nokes, Almost a Hero: The Voyages of John Meares, R.N., to China, Hawaii, and the Northwest Coast (Pullman: Washington State University Press, 1998), 9–11.

2. John Meares, “Memorial to the House of Commons,” in London Daily Advertiser, May 20, 1770.

3. Public Advertiser (London), May 31, 1790; November 10, 1790.

4. “[There is a] settlement at the Columbia River … formed before the late war [of 1812] and broken up by the British … in the course of it.… As the British government admit explicitly their obligation under the first article of the treaty of Ghent to restore the post, there can be no question with regard to the right of the United States to resume