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achieved without it. But though the state is natural-that is, necessary-as a means to a naturally sought end, it is also a work of reason and will. The key word to define or identify this further agreement between the two writers is "constitution." For Aristotle, he who first "constituted" a society

"founded" a state. For Rousseau, men by entering into a convention of government or social contract "constitute" a state.

4. No, the "good" the state achieves is not the same for Rousseau as for Aristotle. The reasons are complex, and are not really documented in the passages reprinted here. But Aristotle's conception of the "good life," which is the end that the state serves, is different from Rousseau's conception of the

"life of the citizen," which fo� him is the ena that the state serves. Fully to understand this difference would require reading further in the Politics and The Social Contract.

5. Clearly the two works are not in full agreement throughout. Even in these short selections, each of the authors raises points that the other does not discuss. For example, Appendix B 419

there is no mention in the Rousseau text of a notion that is certainly important to Aristotle-namely, that man is essentially a political, as well as a social, animal Nor does the word

"justice" appear in the Rousseau text, although it seems to be a key term for Aristotle. On the other hand, there is no mention in the Aristotle text of such key terms and basic ideas as the social compact, the liberty of the individual, the alienation of that liberty, the general will, and so forth, all of which seem to be central in Rousseau's treatment of the subject.

I N DEX

Aeneid ( Virgil) , 222

Barnett, Lincoln, 268

Aeschylus, 226

Berkeley, George, 280

Andromeda Strain, The,

Bhagavad-Gita, 349

(Crichton ) , 60

Bible, 223, 293

Animal Farm ( Orwell) , 216-217 Boethius, 380-381

Apology ( Plato-) , 286

Boswell, James, 24

Appolonius, 265

Brave New World ( Huxley) ,

Aquinas, Thomas, 86, 122, 157,

217

247, 282

Burke, Edmund, 197

Archimedes, 265

Byron, George Gordon, Lord,

Aristophanes, 225

222

Arithmetic of Infinities (Wallis) ,

373

Capital ( Marx), 68, 81, 145

Aristotle, 64, 71, 78, 79, 81, 86,

Cervantes, Miguel de, 139

88, 145, 146, 161, 172, 199,

Charterhouse of Parma, The

240, 247, 252, 280, 281, 282,

( Stendhal ) , 309

284, 287, 292, 406-408

Chaucer, Geoffrey, 179

Art of Fiction, The ( Henry

Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 280, 380

James ) , 213

City of God, The (Augustine) ,

Articles of Confederation, 172,

64

366

Civil Government, Second

As You Like It ( Shakespeare) ,

Treatise on ( Locke) , 68, 172

37

Clarke, Arthur C., 60

Augustine, 64, 247

Closing Circle, The

Autobiography (J. S. Mill) , 367

( Commoner) , 268

Collier, Jeremy, 79

Bacon, Francis, 139

Commoner, Barry, 268

421

422 INDEX

Communist Manifesto ( Marx

Eddington, A. S., 101

and Engels) , 68, 145, 197

Einstein, Albert, 63, 255

Compleat Angler, The

Elements of Chemistry

( Walton) , 246

( Lavoisier) , 259, 260

Confessions ( Augustine) , 247

Elements of Geometry (Euclid) ,

Confessions ( Rousseau ) , 247

64, 161, 210, 262, 264

Consolatio Philosophiae

Elements of Law ( Hobbes ) , 159

( Boethius) , 380

Elements of Political Economy

Convivio ( Dante) , 380

(J. S. Mill ) , 368

Coral Reefs (Darwin ) , 393

Eliot, T. S., 229

Crime and Punishment

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 217,

(Dostoevsky) , 79

288

Critique of Judgment ( Kant) ,

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 184,

288

367

Critique of Practical Reason

Epictetus, 162

( Kant) , 67, 145

Essay Concerning Human

Critique of Pure Reason

Understanding, An ( Locke) ,

( Kant) , 67, 86, 145, 288

68, 72, 73, 82

Essay on the Principle of

Dante Alighieri, 206, 222, 223,

Population ( Mal thus) , 394

252, 363, 378-392

Essays ( Montaigne ) , 247

Darwin, Charles, 62, 72, 82, 92, Ethics, Nicomachean (Aristotle), 104, 130, 157, 255, 344, 363,

81, 88-89, 92, 146, 172, 281,

392-401

287, 406

De Amicitia (Cicero) , 380

Ethics ( Spinoza) , 70, 284

De Monarchia ( Dante ) , 381

Euclid, 64, 103, 107,