How We Believe_ Science and the Search for God - Michael Shermer [180]
Click here Gould, S. J. 1989. Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History. New York: W. W. Norton.
Click here Fontana, W., and L. Buss. 1994. “What Would Be Conserved If ‘The Tape Were Played Twice’?” In Complexity, (eds.) G. Cowan, D. Pines, and D. Meltzer. Reading, Mass.: Addison Wesley.
Click here Lorenz, E. 1979. “Predictability: Does the Flap of a Butterfly’s Wings in Brazil Set Off a Tornado in Texas?” Address at the AAAS annual meeting, Washington, D.C., December 29.
Click here Kauffman quote in: Kauffman, S. A. 1993. The Origins of Order: Self-Organization and Selection in Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press. See also:
Kauffman, S. A. 1995. At Home in the Universe. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 13.
Click here Cohen, J., and I. Stewart. 1991. “Chaos, Contingency, and Convergence,” Nonlinear Science Today, 1(2): 9–13.
Click here Kelly, K. 1994. Out of Control. Reading, Mass.: Addison Wesley, p. 410.
Click here McRae, M. W. 1993. “Stephen Jay Gould and the Contingent Nature of History,” Clio, 22(3): 239–250.
Click here Gould, S. J. 1989. Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History. New York: W. W. Norton, p. 283.
Click here Dennett, D. C. 1995. Daruin’s Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life. New York: Simon and Schuster, pp. 306, 307.
Click here Gould, S. J. 1989. Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History. New York: W. W. Norton, p. 289.
Click here Gould, S. J. 1978. “The Panda’s Thumb.” Reprinted in The Panda’s Thumb. 1980. New York: W. W. Norton. pp. 19–26.
Click here Gould. S. J. 1987. “The Panda’s Thumb of Technology,” Natural History, 1: 22.
Click here For the history of the typewriter and the Qwerty keyboards see Dvorak. A. 1936. Typewriting Behavior. New York: American Book Company. See also:
Masi, F. T. (ed.). 1985. The Typewriter Legend. Secaucus, N.J.
Cassingham, R. C. 1986. The Dvorak Keyboard. Arcata, Calif.: Freelance Communications.
David, P. 1986. “Understanding the Economics of QWERTY: The Necessity of History.” In Economic History and The Modern Economist, (ed.) W. N. Parker. New York: Basil Blackwell.
Romano, F. J. 1986. Machine Writing and Typesetting. Salem, NH: Gama.
Hoke, D. R. 1990. Ingenious Yankees: The Rise of the American System of Manufacturers in the Private Sector. New York: Columbia University Press.
Click here McRae, M. W. 1993. “Stephen Jay Gould and the Contingent Nature of History,” Clio, 22(3): 244.
Click here Gould, S. J. 1987. “The Panda’s Thumb of Technology.” Natural History, 1: 22.
Click here Gould, S. J. 1989. Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History. New York: W. W. Norton, p. 289.
Click here Dennett, D. C. 1995. Darwin’s Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life. New York: Simon and Schuster, p. 308.
Click here Shermer, M. 1996. “An Urchin in a Haystack: An Interview with Stephen Jay Gould,” Skeptic, 4/1: 88.
Click here Dennett, D. C. 1995. Dorwin’s Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life. New York: Simon and Schuster, pp. 75, 76.
Click here Marx, K. 1852. “The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte.” In The Marx-Engels Reader, 2nd ed., (ed.) R. C. Tucker. New York: W. W. Norton, p. 594.
Click here Hempel, C. G. 1942. “The Function of General Laws in History.” In Theories of History, (ed.) P. Gardiner. New York: Free Press, p. 346.
Click here Gould, S. J. 1989. “The Horn of Triton,” Natural History, 12: 18–24.
Click here For numerous historical examples of the model of Contingent-Necessity see Shermer, M. 1995. “Cycles and Curves” Skeptic, 3/3: 58–61.
Shermer, M. 1993. “The Chaos of History: On a Chaotic Model That Represents the Role of Contingency and Necessity in Historical Sequences,” Nonlinear Science Today, 2(4): 1–13.
Shermer, M. 1997. “The Crooked Timber of History,” Complexity, 2(6): 23–29.
Click here Prigogine, I., and I. Stengers. 1984. Order Out of Chaos. New York: Bantam, p. 169.
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