Illustrated First Aid Guide - Marcia Wendorf [13]
Rescue Breathing
CPR Hand Placement
CPR Thrust
Circulation - Restore blood circulation with chest compressions:
1. Place the heel of one hand over the center of the victim’s chest, between their nipples. Place your other hand on top of the first hand, and keep your elbows straight with your shoulders positioned directly above your hands.
2. Use your upper body weight, not just your arms, to push straight down on the victim’s chest. You want to push the victim’s chest down approximately 2 inches (5 centimeters) using hard and fast pushes. Give two compressions per second, or about 120 compressions per minute.
3. After 30 compressions, give two rescue breaths then repeat the cycle of 30 compressions followed by two breaths.
4. If the victim has not begun moving after five cycles, about two minutes, use an automatic external defibrillator (AED) if available. The American Heart Association recommends administering one shock, then resuming CPR for two more minutes before administering a second shock
5. Continue CPR until there are signs of movement or until emergency medical personnel arrive.
Performing CPR on a child:
1. If you’re alone, perform five cycles of compressions and breaths on a child (about two minutes) BEFORE, calling 911 or or using an AED.
2. Use only one hand to perform heart compressions and breath more gently.
3. Use the same compression-breath cycle as is used for adults: 30 compressions followed by two breaths. Immediately begin the next cycle.
4. If there is no response after five cycles (about two minutes), use an AED if available. Use pediatric pads if they are available; if not, use adult pads.
5. Continue until the child moves or until emergency medical personnel arrive.
Performing CPR on a Baby:
If an infant loses consciousness, gently stroke the baby and watch for a response, such as movement. NEVER shake an infant. Most cardiac arrests in infants occur from lack of oxygen caused by drowning or choking. If you know the infant has an airway obstruction, perform first aid for choking. If you don’t know why the infant isn’t breathing, perform CPR.
Check for breathing by putting your ear near the baby’s mouth or feeling for breath on your cheek and ear. Look for chest motion.
1. If another person is available, have them call 911 while you begin CPR. If you’re the only rescuer, perform CPR for two minutes (about five cycles) BEFORE calling 911.
2. Place the baby on his or her back on a firm, flat surface, such as a table or floor.
3. Tip the baby’s head back and lift their chin.
4. Cover BOTH the baby’s mouth and nose with your mouth
5. Use your cheeks instead of deep breaths from your lungs, to give a gentle puff of air. Watch to see if the baby’s chest rises. If it does, give a second breath. If it doesn’t, reposition the baby’s head-tilt and chin-lift, then give a second breath
6. If the chest still doesn’t rise, examine the baby’s mouth for an obstruction. If an object is seen, sweep it out with your finger. If the airway seems blocked, perform first aid for a choking infant.
7. Imagine a horizontal line drawn between the baby’s nipples, then place two fingers of one hand just below this line in the center of the baby’s chest.
8. Gently compress the chest about one-third to one-half the depth of the chest.
9. Press about 100 to 120 times a minute.
10. After every 30 chest compressions, give two breaths.
11. Continue CPR until you see signs of life or until emergency medical personnel arrive.
Infant CPR Head Placement
Infant CPR Rescue Breathing
Infant CPR Thrust
Drowning
In a near-drowning, the sooner the rescue and first aid begin, the greater the victim’s chance of survival. Do not endanger yourself while rescuing someone. Rescue options include:
1. Throw the victim a rope with a buoyant object.
2. Use a long stick.
3. From a boat, grasp the victim and tow them to shore. Do not try to hoist a victim into a small boat because it may cause the boat to capsize.
4. If you are