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Title Page

Acknowledgements

Foreword

PREFACE

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

KEY TO THE PRONUNCIATION OF PĀLI

Introduction

I. The Human Condition

INTRODUCTION

I. THE HUMAN CONDITION

II. The Bringer of Light

INTRODUCTION

II. THE BRINGER OF LIGHT

III. Approaching the Dhamma

INTRODUCTION

III. APPROACHING THE DHAMMA

IV. The Happiness Visible in This Present Life

INTRODUCTION

IV. THE HAPPINESS VISIBLE IN THIS PRESENT LIFE

V. The Way to a Fortunate Rebirth

INTRODUCTION

V. THE WAY TO A FORTUNATE REBIRTH

VI. Deepening One’s Perspective on the World

INTRODUCTION

VI. DEEPENING ONE’S PERSPECTIVE ON THE WORLD

VII. The Path to Liberation

INTRODUCTION

VII. THE PATH TO LIBERATION

VIII. Mastering the Mind

INTRODUCTION

VIII. MASTERING THE MIND

IX. Shining the Light of Wisdom

INTRODUCTION

IX. SHINING THE LIGHT OF WISDOM

X. The Planes of Realization

INTRODUCTION

X. THE PLANES OF REALIZATION

NOTES

TABLE OF SOURCES

GLOSSARY

BIBLIOGRAPHY

INDEX OF SUBJECTS

INDEX OF SIMILES

INDEX OF PĀLI TERMS DISCUSSED IN THE NOTES

About the Author

About Wisdom

Copyright Page

Tamed, he is supreme among those who tame;

At peace, he is the sage among those who bring peace;

Freed, he is the chief of those who set free;

Delivered, he is the best of those who deliver.

—Aṅguttara Nikāya 4:23

PUBLISHER’S ACKNOWLEDGMENT

For their help in sponsoring the printing of this book, the publisher gratefully acknowledges the generous help of the Hershey Family Foundation and the kind contribution made in loving memory of Gan Chin Hong by his family.

FOREWORD

More than two thousand five hundred years have passed since our kind teacher, Buddha Śākyamuni, taught in India. He offered advice to all who wished to heed it, inviting them to listen, reflect, and critically examine what he had to say. He addressed different individuals and groups of people over a period of more than forty years.

After the Buddha’s passing, a record of what he said was maintained as an oral tradition. Those who heard the teachings would periodically meet with others for communal recitations of what they had heard and memorized. In due course, these recitations from memory were written down, laying the basis for all subsequent Buddhist literature. The Pāli Canon is one of the earliest of these written records and the only complete early version that has survived intact. Within the Pāli Canon, the texts known as the Nikāyas have the special value of being a single cohesive collection of the Buddha’s teachings in his own words. These teachings cover a wide range of topics; they deal not only with renunciation and liberation, but also with the proper relations between husbands and wives, the management of the household, and the way countries should be governed. They explain the path of spiritual development—from generosity and ethics, through mind training and the realization of wisdom, all the way up to the attainment of liberation.

The teachings from the Nikāyas collected here provide fascinating insights into how the Buddha’s teachings were studied, preserved, and understood in the early days of Buddhism’s development. Modern readers will find them especially valuable for reinvigorating and clarifying their understanding of many fundamental Buddhist doctrines. Clearly the Buddha’s essential message of compassion, ethical responsibility, mental tranquillity, and discernment is as relevant today as it was more than twenty-five hundred years ago.

Although Buddhism spread and took root in many parts of Asia, evolving into diverse traditions according to the place and occasion, distance and differences of language limited exchange between Buddhists in the past. One of the results of modern improvements in transport and communication that I most appreciate is the vastly expanded opportunities those interested in Buddhism now have to acquaint themselves with the full range of Buddhist teaching and practice. What I find especially encouraging about this book is that it shows