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• Classic-Fiction

Powell, Colin, 17, 29–30, 38–39, 41–45, 48, 203, 211

Putin, Vladimir, 148

Qaddafi, Muammar el-, 230

Qaddah, Suleiman, 107

Qatar, 208

Qawz Qaza, 57

Qubaisi, Munira al-, 125

Qubaisiaat, 125

Qudsiya, Abdul Fatah, 235

Rabin, Yitzhak, 15, 203, 212

Rahall, Nick, 174

Rai, Al, 201

Ramadan, 166

Rasmussen, Anders Fogh, 120

Reagan, Ronald, 14

Red Lines Agreement of 1976, 12

red lines in Syrian media, 26, 44, 58, 89, 113, 132, 138, 204

Reform Party of Syria, 112, 141

Reid, Harry, 173

Renaissance Party. See Baath Party

Reuters, 99, 104, 144, 191, 224

Rice, Condoleezza, 83–84, 150, 155, 177,206

Roed-Larsen, Terje, 112

Rogers, Mary Brett, 9, 12, 17

Rubinstein, Daniel, 12, 14–15, 17, 26

Rumsfeld, Donald, 41, 161

Saadi, Bashir Ishaq, 108, 141

Saban Center for Middle East Policy, 210

Sadat, Anwar el-, 22

Sadiq, Imam Ja’afar as-, 172

Safar, Adel, 235

Safir, As-, 40

Sahara, Othaina, 95, 100–102, 105,138–39, 154, 170–73, 186, 189, 191,193

Salafists, 42, 172

Sarkozy, Nicolas, 199–200, 207–8

Saudi Arabia, 7–8, 206, 241

Sayyed, Jamil al-, 112

Sayyida Zaynab (Damascus shrine), 172

Schröder, Gerhard, 84

Scobey, Margaret, 82, 148

Sea of Galilee, 15, 221

Search for Common Ground, 209

Seche, Stephen, 148–49, 155, 165

Seif, Riad, 108, 142

Seifan, Samir, 26, 210

September 11 attacks, 21–25, 49, 135, 194, 197, 219

Sezer, Ahmet Necdet, 94

Shaaban, Bouthaina, 39, 41, 100–106

Shaar, Mohammad Ibrahim al-, 235

Shafi’i school of Islamic jurisprudence, 171

Shalit, Gilad, 149

Shapiro, Daniel, 222

Shara, Farouk al-, 30, 38, 40, 47, 72, 101,102–3, 108, 112–14, 235

Shara, Nouar al-, 38, 47

Sharon, Ariel, 16

Sharq al-Awsat, Al-, 93

Shawkat, Assef, 110–12, 117

Shebaa Farms, 146, 208

Shiite Muslims, 5, 13, 125, 129, 152, 161,164, 170–73, 200, 233

Shiitization, 170–72

Shuqeir, Wafiq, 205

Siniora, Fouad, 85, 158, 161–62, 200, 206

Sinjar documents, the, 195

Sistani, Ayatollah Ali al-, 172

Six-Day War of 1967, 151

Slaughter, Louise, 174

Soviet Union, and Syria, xviii, 6, 43–44

Spain, 15–16, 71, 73, 112–13, 156, 168

Special Tribunal for Lebanon (STL), 241

“State Sponsors of Terrorism” (US list of terrorist nations), xix, 10, 13, 16

Steinmeier, Frank-Walter, 159

Stethem, Robert, 197

Suez Crisis, 150

Suleiman, Bahjat, 108, 112

Suleiman, Michel, 199–200, 206–8, 213

Sunni Muslims, xx, 5–6, 21, 24–25, 35–36,85–86, 91, 126–27, 130, 140–41, 152,170–71, 173, 179, 215, 219, 231, 234,236, 239

Swedish embassy attack, 122

Sykes-Picot agreement, 150

Syria

economic downturn in, 223–25

and Iran, xix–xx, 7, 119–20, 148, 152,159, 167–71, 173, 184, 198–201,212, 219, 228–29, 231–32, 238,240–42

and Iraq, 40–42, 75, 126–27, 132,135, 141, 175, 177, 189, 195, 209–11, 216–18, 223, 226, 229

and Israel, 6, 15, 47–48, 54, 86,147–48, 151–52, 159–60, 175–76,184, 190–94, 200–204, 206–9,212, 218, 220–22, 227–30, 232,236–38, 240–42

and Lebanon, 79–85, 103, 127, 143,146, 154, 175, 183–84, 189, 199,210, 212, 217–18, 229–31, 237, 241

nuclear program of, xix, 201–4,219–20, 241

oil production of, xix, 6, 16–17,19, 31, 61, 63, 126–27, 223–25,239–40

and the Soviet Union, xviii, 6, 43–44

and the United States, xvii, 6–7,62–63, 82–84, 130, 141, 143,145–46, 148–49, 156, 161, 164,166, 174, 177, 184, 188–90,194–95, 202–4, 209–12, 215–18,222–27, 229, 237–40

US sanctions against, 13, 16, 53, 61,62–64, 72, 84, 127, 176–77, 184,187–89, 200, 212, 218, 223–27, 229, 238–40, 242

WMD program of, 43–44, 192

Syria Accountability and Lebanese

Sovereignty Restoration Act of 2003 (SAA), 49–50, 54, 62, 66, 130, 218,224–25, 231

Syrian Air, 74, 188, 225

Syrian Arab Airlines, 23, 62, 188

Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA), 31, 47,

99, 134, 191, 199

Syrian Central Bank, 37

Syrian Democratic Assembly of Canada, 141

Syrian Democratic People’s Party, 144

Syrian Elector, 181

Syrian-European Business Center (SEBC), 17, 19–20, 24, 32, 44, 48, 55

Syrian Free National Party, 140

Syrian-Israeli peace treaty, xx

Syrian National Council, 141

Syrian Public Relations Association,