Inside Cyber Warfare - Jeffrey Carr [150]
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[152] Arnon Ben-Dror, “Military Intelligence: Israel Defence Forces are prepared for Cyberwarfare,” Defence Professionals, accessed August 30, 2011, http://defpro.com/news/details/12967/.
[153] “Israeli Cyber Commandos,” Strategy Page, accessed August 30, 2011, http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htsf/20100628.aspx.
[154] Dan Williams, “Israeli official sees cyber alternative to ‘ugly’ war,” Reuters, February 3, 2011, accessed August 30, 2011, http://af.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idAFTRE7125A420110203.
[155] Barak Ravid, “Israel planning strategy to defend computer networks from attack,” Haaretz, March 4, 2011, accessed August 30, 2011, http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/israel-planning-strategy-to-defend-computer-networks-from-attack-1.353722.
[156] “Israel sets up cyber command,” Defence Web, accessed August 30, 2011, http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=15471:israel-sets-up-cyber-command&catid=48:Information%20&%20Communication%20Technologies&Itemid=109.
[157] Ibid.
[158] Damien McElroy, “Israel’s unit 8200: cyber warfare,” The Telegraph, September 30, 2010, accessed August 30, 2011, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/8034882/Israels-unit-8200-cyber-warfare.html.
Italy
Italy has expressed interest in setting up a Cyber Defense Command (CDC), and in May 2010 the Italian parliament’s intelligence commission formally investigated taking such action.[159] Currently, the Italian cyber warfare and security operations are divided among the military, police, and government departments, without any real coordination or fusion. The end result is expected to set up two separate cyber divisions: one that handles foreign issues, and one that is more domestically focused. Like many other countries, the Italians are looking at the NATO cyber centers for a possible cheap alternative to setting up their own center.[160]
In August 2011 a group called the Anonymous Hackers for Anti Operation released over eight gigabytes of stolen files from the Italian National Anti-Crime Computer Center for Critical Infrastructure Protection (CNAIPIC). The files included correspondence indicating the CNAIPIC has been spying on Russian-owned government energy and defense industries primarily, but that Italy may have also gathered much of its Russian information from the Indian embassy’s Air Attaché to Russia.[161]
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[159] Tom Kington, “Italy Weighs Cyber-Defense Command,” Defense News, May 31, 2010, accessed August 30, 2011, http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=4649478&c=FEA&s=SPE.
[160] Ibid.
[161] Joseph Fitsanakis, “Computer hacking reveals Italian spying on Russia, India,” IntelNews.org, entry posted August 1, 2011, accessed August 30, 2011, http://intelligencenews.wordpress.com/2011/08/01/01-776/.
Kenya
In June 2010 the Kenyan Internet Governance Forum (KGIF) proposed the formation of a national cyber security management framework. Citing the growing accessibility to Internet access and the attacks on critical national infrastructure in Estonia and Georgia, the proposed CERT would coordinate response to cyber security incidents at the national level.[162]
A year later the Kenyan government had set up a CERT as the first steps to a future cyber-combatting department.[163] The Kenyan CERT has partnered with cyber experts from the United States to help shape the newly founded departments.
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[162] Vincent Ngundi, “Cybercrime, Cybersecurity and Privacy,” East Africa Internet Governance Forum (EAIGF), July 29, 2010, accessed August 31, 2011, www.eaigf.or.ke/files/2010_KIGF_Cybercrime_Cybersecurity_and_Privacy.pdf.
[163] Lola Okulo, “Kenya: State Sets Up Cyber Crime Team,” allAfrica.com, July 26, 2011, accessed August 31, 2011, http://allafrica.com/stories/201107261874.html.
Myanmar
Myanmar has long used cyber warfare capabilities to silence domestic political opposition. In 2008