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Howard Raiffa, Harvard University

Howard Raiffa is the Frank P. Ramsey Professor (Emeritus) of Managerial Economics, a joint chair held by the Business School and the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. He received his doctorate in mathematics from the University of Michigan. A mathematician by training, Professor Raiffa is an originator of the now-famous “decision tree” and has done extensive work on developing techniques to help decision makers think more systematically about complex choices involving uncertainties and tradeoffs. He has received numerous honorary degrees and, in 2000, was awarded the prestigious Dickson Prize for Science, conferred annually by professors at Carnegie Mellon University. As a scientific advisor to McGeorge Bundy, White House assistant for national security under Presidents Kennedy and Johnson, and Philip Handler, president of the National Academy of Sciences, he helped to negotiate the creation of an East-West think tank with the aim of reducing Cold War tensions. Professor Raiffa has published extensively; his books include Games and Decisions: Introduction and Critical Survey, with R. Luce (Wiley & Sons, 1957), Decision Analysis: Introductory Lectures on Choices Under Uncertainty (McGraw-Hill, 1997), and Applied Statistical Decision Theory, with R. Schaifer (Wiley Classics Library, 2000).

Thomas Schelling, University of Maryland

Thomas Schelling is Emeritus Distinguished University Professor at the School of Public Policy of the University of Maryland. Professor Schelling came to the Maryland School of Public Affairs after twenty years at the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. Recipient of the 2005 Nobel Prize in Economic Science, he has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Medicine, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 1991 he was president of the American Economic Association, of which he is a Distinguished Fellow. He was the recipient of the National Academy of Sciences award for Behavioral Research Relevant to the Prevention of Nuclear War. He served in the Economic Cooperation Administration in Europe, and has held positions in the White House and Executive Office of the President, Yale University; the RAND Corporation; and the Department of Economics and Center for International Affairs, Harvard University. He has published on military strategy and arms control, energy and environmental policy, climate change, nuclear proliferation, terrorism, organized crime, foreign aid and international trade, conflict and bargaining theory, racial segregation and integration, health policy, tobacco and drugs policy, and ethical issues in public policy and in business.

Paul J. H. Schoemaker, Decision Strategies International

Paul Schoemaker is the founder, chairman, and CEO of Decision Strategies International, a consulting and training company specializing in strategic planning, executive development, and multi-media software. He currently serves as the research director of the Mack Center for Technological Innovation at The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, where he teaches strategy and decision making. His main research interests are in the areas of business strategy, decision sciences, scenario planning, organizational dynamics, and emerging technologies. He has written eight books and over a hundred papers, which have appeared in such journals as the Harvard Business Review, the Journal of Mathematical Psychology, Management Science, and the Journal of Economic Literature. His 1995 paper on scenario planning ranks in the all-time top-five reprints of the Sloan Management Review. Professor Schoemaker received an MBA in finance, an MA in management, and a PhD in decision sciences from The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania. He was Howard Kunreuther’s first PhD student at Wharton, with whom he co-authored several papers and the book Decision Sciences, An Integrated Perspective, with Paul Kleindorfer and Howard Kunreuther (Cambridge University