Jihad Joe_ Americans Who Go to War in the Name of Islam - J. M. Berger [121]
3. Akbar Ahmed, Journey into America: The Challenge of Islam (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2010), Kindle edition, locations 2335–2341.
4. Curiel, “Muslim Roots, U.S. Blues.”
5. See http://www.moorishsciencetempleofamericainc.com/MoorishHistory.html, retrieved August 16, 2010.
6. Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad, ed., The Muslims of America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), 111–123; author analysis of documents from DePaul University Archives: Islam in America: Muslim Students’ Association collection; and Noreen S. Ahmed-Ullah, Sam Roe, and Laurie Cohen, “A Rare Look at Secretive Brotherhood in America,” Chicago Tribune, September 19, 2004.
7. Ian Johnson, A Mosque in Munich: Nazis, the CIA, and the Muslim Brotherhood in the West (New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2010), 89.
8. More than twenty years of Muslim World League Journal publications in English were reviewed by the author from 1977 through 2003. The issues were provided by Motley Rice law firm.
9. John W. King, The Breeding of Contempt (Xlibris, 2002); Pierre Tristam, “What Was the 1977 Hanafi Siege in Washington, D.C.?” About.com, retrieved August 18, 2010 http://middleeast.about.com/od/religionsectarianism/f/me090310a.htm.
10. “Islamic Organizations’ Conference, Newark, USA—A Report,” Muslim World League Journal (May 1977); Proceedings of the First Islamic Conference of North America (Muslim World League, 1977).
11. For an overview, see Yaroslav Trofimov, The Siege of Mecca (New York: Double-day, 2007); Steve Coll, Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001 (New York: Penguin Press, 2004); Encyclopedia Britannica, “Iran Hostage Crisis,” retrieved August 18, 2010, http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/272687/Iranhostage-crisis.
12. Trofimov, The Siege of Mecca; J. M. Berger, ed., The Siege at Mecca Sourcebook (Intelwire Press, 2006); State Department cables were obtained by the author through the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), including all cables cited in the following notes.
13. State Department Cable, “Execution of Mosque Attackers,” JIDDA 00210, January 10, 1980.
14. State Department Cable, no subject specified, STATE 012300, January 16, 1980.
15. Trofimov, The Siege of Mecca, 240–241.
16. State Department Cable, “Booklet Attributed to Perpetrators of Grand Mosque Incident,” KUWAIT 05422, November 29, 1979.
17. Confidential interview, March 2007; Peter Bergen, The Osama bin Laden I Know (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006), 16.
18. Vincent Jauvert, “Oui, la CIA est entrée en Afghanistan avant les Russes … ,” Le Nouvel Observateur, January 15, 1998, retrieved August 17, 2010, http://hebdo.nouvelobs.com/sommaire/documents/008877/oui-la-cia-est-entree-enafghanistan-avant-les-russes.html.
19. Video: We Are Afghanistan, U.S. Information Agency (State Department), obtained from the National Archives.
20. Greg Krikorian, “Singlaub to Lead Anti-Communist Group,” San Diego Union-Tribune, September 4, 1984; Orr Kelly, “How Americans Help Finance Foreign Wars,” U.S. News & World Report, September 23, 1985.
21. “Rabita Delegation Visits to South-East Asia,” Muslim World League Journal (March 1980). Rabita al-Alam al-Islami is the Arabic name of the Muslim World League.
22. Charles R. Babcock, “Dallas Hosts Anti-Communist League; Diverse Group Hears Insurgents Plead for ‘No-Strings’ Funding,” Washington Post, September 17, 1985.
23. Peter L. Bergen, Holy War, Inc: Inside the Secret World of Osama bin Laden (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2002), 55.
24. DePaul University Archives: Islam in America: Muslim Students’ Association collection: “Muslim Scholars Visit ITC,” Islamic Teaching Center News, February 1978. The Islamic Teaching Center was a spin-off controlled by the Muslim Students Association. One of the people Azzam met with was former MSA president Eltigani Abugidieri, who was also linked to the Muslim World League.
25. Najwa and Omar Bin Laden, Growing Up Bin Laden: Osama’s Wife and Son Take Us inside Their Secret World (New York: Macmillan, 2009),