Jihad Joe_ Americans Who Go to War in the Name of Islam - J. M. Berger [123]
10. Peter Bergen, The Osama bin Laden I Know (New York: Free Press, 2006), 92.
11. Steve Coll, Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001 (New York: Penguin Press, 2004), 204.
12. Minutes of an August 11, 1988, meeting, formation of al Qaeda, Tareekh Osama files.
13. Minutes of an August 20, 1988, meeting, formation of al Qaeda, Tareekh Osama files.
14. US v. Usama bin Laden et al., S(7) 98 Cr. 1023, Indictment, November 5, 1998, Superseding Indictment, S(10) 98 Cr. 1023 (LBS), undated.
15. Undated El Hage al Qaeda application, Tareekh Osama files. The document lists El Hage’s age as twenty-eight, which puts the application around 1988, making El Hage one of the first members.
16. FBI FD-302 Record of Interrogation, Wadih El Hage, September 23, 1997.
17. Oriana Zill, “A Portrait of Wadih El Hage, Accused Terrorist,” PBS Frontline website, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/inladen/upclose/elhage.html, retrieved June 17, 2010; Kevin Peraino and Evan Thomas, “Odyssey into Jihad,” Newsweek, January 14, 2002; and undated El Hage al Qaeda application, Tareekh Osama files.
18. USA v. Usama bin Laden, S(7) 98 Cr. 1023, February 6, 2001, and subsequent days, Testimony of Jamal Al Fadl.
19. Wright, The Looming Tower, 110.
20. Photographs retrieved from an al Qaeda computer seized in Bosnia, obtained by the author.
21. USA v. Daniel Patrick Boyd, et al., 5:09cr216-1FL, Indictment, July 22, 2009.
22. Surveillance audio, retrieved June 17, 2010, http://www.investigativeproject.org/1357/05-20-2009-140800-141005mp3.
23. Surveillance audio, retrieved June 17, 2010, http://www.investigativeproject.org/1359/06-10-2009-124355-124600mp3.
24. Tom Hays and Sharon Theimer, “Egyptian Agent Worked with Green Berets, bin Laden,” Associated Press, December 31, 2001.
25. USA v Ali Mohamed, S(7) 98 Cr. 1023 (LBS), Plea Hearing, October 20, 2000.
26. Montasser Al Zayat, The Road to Al Qaeda: The Story of Bin Laden’s Right-Hand Man (Sterling, Virginia: Pluto Press, 2003), 45, 54.
27. This analysis runs counter to some conventional wisdom, which holds that al Qaeda and EIJ merged at a much later date. Yet the testimony of Jamal Al Fadl and other al Qaeda members clearly shows how closely intertwined the two organizations were. It may be helpful to think of EIJ as al Qaeda’s special forces branch—in some respects, a distinct operation but still clearly part of the same army.
28. Benjamin Weiser and James Risen, “The Masking of a Militant: A Special Report,” New York Times, December 1, 1998.
29. Interviews with former CIA analyst Michael Scheuer, October 27, 2008, and August 18, 2009; Triple-Cross: Bin Laden’s Spy in America (National Geographic Video, 2007). The author was the lead researcher for this television documentary, and a small amount of unpublished material from that project is referenced throughout under this citation.
30. Weiser and Risen, “The Masking of a Militant: A Special Report.”
31. Andrew Martin and Michael J. Berens, “Terrorists Evolved in U.S.: 2 Egyptians Set Stage for Attacks,” Chicago Tribune, December 11, 2001.
32. Bergen, The Osama bin Laden I Know, 103.
33. Triple Cross (video).
34. Ibid.; Weiser and Risen, “The Masking of a Militant: A Special Report.”
35. USA v. Rahman, S5 93 Cr. 181, Nosair Exhibit JJJ-1 (Ali Mohamed video).
36. USA v Ali Abdelseoud Mohamed, Affidavit of Daniel Coleman, September 1998.
37. Al Zayat, The Road to Al Qaeda, 37; Wright, The Looming Tower, 409n; and T5 B7 Analysis of Immigration Status of Pre-9-11 Terrorists Fdr-Entire Contents 196, retrieved July 18, 2010, http://www.scribd.com/doc/16729114/T5-B7-Analysis-of-Immigration-Status-of-Pre911-Terrorists-Fdr-Entire-Contents-196.
38. USA v. Rahman, S5 93 Cr. 181, multiple exhibits.
39. The Al Qaeda Manual, retrieved June 19, 2010, http://www.justice.gov/ag/manualpart1_1.pdf,