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12. Colorado Attorney General, “Information Regarding Colorado’s Investigation and Prosecution of Members of Jamaat Ul Fuqra.”

13. Author interviews with Tom Corrigan, June 24, 2008, through June 23, 2010, inclusive.

14. Patterns of Global Terrorism 1999, Department of State, Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism (Washington, DC: Department of State Publications, April 2000); David Kohn, “Sheik Gilani: CBS’ Man in Pakistan Tracks Him Down,” 60 Minutes website, March 13, 2002, retrieved September 6, 2010, http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2002/03/13/60II/main503644.shtml.

15. Lee Berthiaume, “The Untold Story of Hasanville’s Shadowy Past,” Ottawa (Ontario) Citizen, May 4, 2002.

16. Christopher Heffelfinger, “Evaluating the Terrorist Threat Posed by African-American Muslim Groups,” CTC Sentinel, May 2008.

17. Interviews with former CIA analyst Michael Scheuer, October 27, 2008, and August 18, 2009.

18. Author interviews with Tom Corrigan, June 24, 2008, through June 23, 2010, inclusive.

19. Colorado Attorney General, “Information Regarding Colorado’s Investigation and Prosecution of Members of Jamaat Ul Fuqra.”

20. Kane and Wall, “Identifying the Links between White-Collar Crime and Terrorism.”

21. Interviews with former CIA analyst Michael Scheuer, October 27, 2008, and August 18, 2009; author interviews with Tom Corrigan, June 24, 2008, through June 23, 2010, inclusive.

22. T5 B7 Analysis of Immigration Status of Pre-9-11 Terrorists Fdr- Entire Contents 196, retrieved July 18, 2010, http://www.scribd.com/doc/16729114/T5-B7-Analysis-of-Immigration-Status-of-Pre911-Terrorists-Fdr-Entire-Contents-196.

23. USA v. Rahman, S5 93 Cr. 181, court transcript, Testimony of Ali Shinawy, July 11, 1995.

24. USA v. Rahman, S5 93 Cr. 181, court transcript, April 3, 1995; see also John Miller and Michael Stone with Chris Mitchell, The Cell: Inside the 9/11 Plot and Why the FBI and CIA Failed to Stop It (New York: Hyperion, 2003).

25. Neil MacFarquhar, “In Jail or Out, Sheik Preaches Views of Islam,” New York Times, October 2, 1995.

26. Montasser Al Zayat, The Road to Al Qaeda: The Story of Bin Laden’s Right-Hand Man (Sterling, Virgnia: Pluto Press, 2003), 27 et al.

27. Richard Bernstein, Out of the Blue: The Story of September 11, 2001, from Jihad to Ground Zero (New York: Macmillan, 2002), 438.

28. Omar Abdel Rahman, The Present Rulers and Islam: Are They Muslims or Not? (Kuwait: 1988).

29. State Department Cable, “Summary of Conversations with a Member of ‘The Islamic Group’ AKAAl Jihad,” CAIRO 09476, dated April 25, 1989, obtained by the author through the Freedom of Information Act.

30. Interview with Frank Wisner, former U.S. ambassador to Cairo, July 1, 2010.

31. Douglas Jehl, “‘C.I.A. Officer Signed Visa for Sheik,’ U.S. Says,” New York Times, July 14, 1993.

32. Andrew C. McCarthy, Willful Blindness: A Memoir of the Jihad (New York: Encounter Books, 2008), 15–16.

33. Author interviews with Tom Corrigan, June 24, 2008, through June 23, 2010, inclusive; McCarthy, Willful Blindness, 125; and Miller and Stone, The Cell, 64

34. Abullah Azzam, Join the Caravan (Boston: CARE International, 2nd ed., 1989), introduction.

35. U.S. v. Muhamed Mubayyid, Emadeddin Muntasser, and Samir Al Monla, Criminal Action No. 05-40026-FDS (2007), Exhibit 266.

36. Maktab al Khidmat (Abdullah Azzam’s organization), arbitration records dated November 25, 1988, and December 29, 1988, Tareekh Osama files.

37. Author interviews with Tom Corrigan, June 24, 2008, through June 23, 2010, inclusive ; profile of Abdullah Azzam, retrieved June 17, 2010; http://www.ummah.com/forum/showthread.php?5062-Profiles-of-Ash-Shuhadaa, and Steve Coll, Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001 (New York: Penguin Press, 2004), 204.

38. Coll, Ghost Wars; Aryn Baker, “Who Killed Abdullah Azzam?” Time Magazine, June 18, 2009, retrieved August 24, 2010, http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/printout/z0,29239,1902809_1902810_1905173,00.html.