Jihad vs. McWorld - Benjamin R. Barber [172]
7. Cited by Aleksa Djilas, “A House Divided,” The New Republic, January 25, 1993, p. 38.
8. In February 1994 there were about eighty thousand U.N. troops deployed in eighteen countries; a handful are on the borders between Israel and its hostile neighbors (Syria and Lebanon) and on the frontiers dividing India and Pakistan and Iraq and Kuwait. But in their greatest numbers, they can be found trying (unsuccessfully) to separate rival factions in Somalia (over twenty-six thousand) and former Yugoslavia (over twenty-five thousand) as well as in Georgia, Cyprus, Liberia, Angola, Mozambique, Rwanda, the western Sahara, Haiti, El Salvador, and Cambodia. For a report see Brian Hall, “Blue Helmets, Empty Guns,” The New York Times Magazine, January 2, 1994, pp. 18-25, 30, 38, 41.
9. David Binder, “Trouble Spots: As Ethnic Wars Multiply, U.S. Strives for a Policy,” The New York Times, February 7, 1993, p. A 1.
10. Muslim users at times intentionally obfuscate the difference between meanings; thus, speaking to an Arab audience in mid-1994 just as the accord over Jericho and Gaza went into effect, Yassar Arafat spoke militantly to a Palestinian audience of a Jihad to recapture Jerusalem—only to “explain” later to agitated Israelis and Westerners that he meant only to call for a peaceful struggle.
11. See Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., Disuniting America (New York: Norton, 1993).
12. A minimalist’s list would include the Netherlands, Denmark, Iceland, Luxembourg, Norway, and Portugal representing less than 1 percent of the world’s population. Japan is sometimes also included in the list, which brings the number to under 5 percent.
13. The Washington Post, National Weekly Edition, December 21–27, 1992, p. 28.
14. Cited by David Binder, “Trouble Spots.” Of course Lansing was no friend of Wilson’s vision, and actually worked to undermine aspects of his policies. Daniel Patrick Moynihan is persuaded that Wilson himself came to see the dangers of self-determination, since toward the very end Wilson admitted he had developed the rhetoric of self-determination “without the knowledge that nationalities existed” and thus without foreseeing the destructive forces the idea could unleash. Moynihan, Pandaemonium, p. 85.
Even Amitai Etzioni, an ardent American supporter of communitarian-ism, worries about the “evils of self-determination.” Amitai Etzioni, “The Evils of Self-Determination,” Foreign Policy, No. 89, Winter, 1992–93, pp. 21–35.
15. The map on which the warring parties settled for a brief time in 1994 was still more egregious in its surrender to the Serbian aggressors, though it at least tried to connect the isolated ethnic dots with lifelines of contiguity. At this writing, both NATO and the United Nations appear to have surrendered to the logic of force altogether.
16. British diplomat and historian Harold Nicholson gives a notoriously tragicomic account of one of those 1919 post—World War I meetings in which the Balkans were carved up, during which Prime Minister David Lloyd George mistakes the standard geographer’s colors green (for valleys) and brown (for mountains) for Greeks and Turks and, pointing at Scala Nova, colored green, tells the Italian delegates, “You can’t have that—it’s full of Greeks!” Full of green valleys, Nicholson tells his boss, but very few Greeks. The negotiations continue to their melancholy conclusion, which, both “immoral and impractical,” are to doom Europe to another war. Harold George Nicholson, Peace-Making: 1919 (New York: Harcourt and Brace & Co., 1939).
17. In Blood and Belonging, his recent book on nationalism that accompanied the affecting television series, Michael Ignatieff looks not only at the obviously fratricidal spectacle of Eastern Europe