Jihad vs. McWorld - Benjamin R. Barber [202]
24. Eric Hobsbawm, “A New Threat to History,” The New York Review of Books, December 16, 1993, pp. 62–64.
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid., p. 62. Hobsbawm points to a study of the Indus valley called “5000 Years of Pakistan,” even though “Pakistan was not even thought of before 1932–33, when the name was invented by some student militants. It did not become a serious political aspiration until 1940. As a state it has existed only since 1947.”
27. Cited in Celeste Bohlen, “Ethnic Rivalries Revive, in E. Europe,” The New York Times, November 12, 1990, pp. A1, 12.
Chapter 14. Essential Jihad: Islam and Fundamentalism
1. Martin E. Marty and R. Scott Appleby, Fundamentalisms Observed, Vol. I of the Fundamentalism Project (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991), pp. viii–x.
2. Advertisement in The New York Times, July 20, 1994.
3. Chris Hedges, “Teheran Journal,” The New York Times, August 16, 1994, p. A 2.
4. Leslie Planner and Cherry Mosteshar, “Bringing a Beam of Delight to the Closed World of Iran,” The Guardian, August 5, 1994, p. 14.
5. “There is something exceptional about the degree of authoritarianism that prevails in the Middle East todayWhether or not Islam and Middle Eastern ‘culture’ are separable phenomena, the two work in ways that do not augur well for democracy.” “Democracy Without Democrats,” in G. Salame, editor, Democracy Without Democrats (London: I. B. Tauris Publishers, 1994), pp. 32–33.
6. Hilal Khashan, “The Limits of Arab Democracy,” World Affairs, Vol. 153, No. 4, Spring 1991, pp. 127–135.
7. Fatima Mernissi, Islam and Democracy: Fear of the Modern World (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1992), p. 21. For a remarkable portrait of Islam as seen by a photojournalist, see Abbas, Allah o Akbar: A Journey Through Militant Islam (San Francisco: Phaidon Press, 1995).
8. As John O. Voll suggests, “Leaders of Jihad believed that armed struggle against a wicked government was a requirement of their faith.” “Fundamentalism in the Sunni Arab World,” in M. E. Marty and R. S. Appleby, Fundamentalisms Observed, p. 345.
9. From the executive summary, Islam and Democracy, Timothy D. Sisk, editor, (Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace, 1992), p. x.
10. See, for example, Edward W. Said, Culture and Imperialism (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1993).
11. Sisk, Islam and Democracy, p. 23.
12. Voll, “Fundamentalism,” p. 348.
13. Cited in ibid., p. 360. Free institutions are seen as a pretext for corruption, not evil in themselves but not to be taken seriously because they are only the Trojan horse in which the West’s vices are smuggled in.
14. Prynne, cited by Jonas Barish, The Antitheatrical Prejudice (Berkeley, California: The University of California Press, 1981), pp. 84–85.
15. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Letter to D’Alembert on Theater, Allan Bloom, editor, Politics and the Arts (Ithaca: Cornell University Press), p. 58.
16. See Stephen Barboza, American Jihad: Islam after Malcolm X (New York: Doubleday, 1994).
17. Stephen Carter has written a penetrating account of the trivialization of true belief that the religious encounter in secular America: The Culture of Disbelief: How American Law and Politics Trivialize Religious Devotion (New York: Basic Books, 1993).
18. Jerry Falwell, founder and president of the Moral Majority, in a March 1993 sermon; cited in The Anti-Defamation League, The Religious Right: The Assault on Tolerance and Pluralism in America (New York: The Anti-Defamation League, 1994), p. 4.
19. Ibid. Terrell is the founder of “Operation Rescue,” the antiabortion activist group.
20. From “Drive by Witness,” by A-1 S.W.I.F.T., cited by Michael Marriot, “Rhymes of Redemption,” Newsweek, November 28, 1994, p. 64. Also see Nicholas Dawidoff, “No Sex, No Drugs, But Rock ‘N’ Roll,” The New York Times Magazine, February 5, 1995, pp. 40–44.
21. The scandals, sexual and fiscal, that rocked telepreacher constituencies like Jim Bakker’s, continue today. The