Johannes Brahms_ A Biography - Jan Swafford [393]
31. Letters of September 1853, in Stephenson 48–9.
32. Niemann 38.
33. May 119.
CHAPTER FOUR
1. Reich 140.
2. May 121.
3. Burk 282.
4. Dietrich 3.
5. Burk 283.
6. Quoted in Burk 284.
7. Burk 284.
8. Brahms Briefwechsel V, 9/1853.
9. Litzmann Life 43.
10. Kalbeck I, 112.
11. May 126.
12. Storck R. Schumann Letters 10/8/1853.
13. May 123.
14. May 137.
15. Schumann to Joachim 10/13/1853, in Storck R. Schumann Letters.
16. Burk 286.
17. Dietrich/Widmann 2–7.
18. Niemann 39–41.
19. Ostwald Schumann 268.
20. Schumann to Joachim 10/13/1853, in Storck R. Schumann Letters.
21. Walker 341.
22. Ostwald Schumann 269–70.
23. Schumann on Music 28.
24. Trans. in May 131–2.
25. Schumann on Music 49.
26. See Ostwald Schumann 42. When he was a teenager especially, Schumann was connected with several young men and his diary mentions “pederasty” and “voluptuous night with Greek dreams.” Schumann’s homosexual episodes, fantasies, or whatever they amounted to, came at a point of great psychological stress for him, as well as of heavy drinking.
27. Walker 352n.
28. Niemann 46.
29. Litzmann Briefe 1.
30. Schauffler 45, which adds the original Plattdeutsch.
31. Litzmann Briefe 11/16/1853, trans. in May.
32. Quoted in May 135.
33. Quoted in May 140.
34. MacDonald 19.
35. Stephenson 55–7.
36. Grimm to Joachim 4/1854, in Bickley Joachim Letters.
37. Bickley Joachim Letters 36.
38. Schumann to Joachim 11/21/1853 and Joachim to Schumann 11/29/53, in Bickley Joachim Letters.
39. Joachim to von Arnim 11/27/1853, in Bickley Joachim Letters.
40. Kalbeck II, 435.
41. May 143–4.
42. Burk 290.
43. MacDonald 20.
44. Brahms to Joachim 12/7/1853, in Brahms Briefwechsel V, trans. in Niemann.
45. Burk 290.
46. Berlioz to Joachim 12/9/1853, in Bickley Joachim Letters.
47. Brahms to Joachim 12/10/1853, in Brahms Briefwechsel V.
48. MacDonald 20n.
49. May 147.
50. Brahms to R. Schumann 11/29/1853, in Litzmann Briefe.
51. Brahms to R. Schumann 12/1853, in Litzmann Briefe.
52. Frisch Developing Variation 36.
53. Musgrave Music 20.
54. Musgrave Music 21.
55. Bozarth “ ‘Poetic’ Andantes” 348.
56. Trans. in MacDonald 68.
57. Dietrich/Widmann 3.
58. Bozarth “ ‘Poetic’ Andantes”
59. Niemann 55
60. Niemann 56.
61. May 160.
62. Quoted in May 161.
63. Niemann 57.
64. Burk 295.
65. Niemann 57.
66. Schumann to Joachim 2/6/1854, adapted from Bickley Joachim Letters.
67. Dietrich to Joachim 2/28/54, in Bickley Joachim Letters.
CHAPTER FIVE
1. Reich 140.
2. Ostwald Schumann 256.
3. Reich 138–9.
4. Reich 79–80.
5. Reich 25.
6. Reich 50–2.
7. Ostwald Schumann 36.
8. Ostwald Schumann 35–7.
9. Ostwald Schumann 61.
10. Ostwald Schumann 76.
11. Ostwald Schumann 77–8.
12. Among the theories trying to account for Schumann’s mental condition the suspicion of syphilis has inevitably come up, since the disease was epidemic in the nineteenth century and afflicted many figures, including Schubert and Nietzsche. Psychiatrist Peter Ostwald challenges that theory in his biography. As Ostwald details, Schumann’s mental problems appeared too early to be the product of syphilis, and in general his symptoms are not consistent with the disease. Ostwald concludes that we cannot say with any certainty what was the matter with Schumann. He may have succumbed to syphilis at the end, or it may have been a combination of a serious bipolar disorder with chronic physical illnesses, including cardiovascular problems (see Ostwald’s Schumann, last chapter).
13. Ostwald Schumann 116.
14. Reich 84.
15. Article on R. Schumann in Grove’s.
16. Reich 121–2.
17. Reich 155.
18. Reich 126.
19. Smyth 124.
20. Kalbeck 1, 113.
21. Litzmann Life 56–8.
22. Burk 299–301.
23. Marie Schumann in Reich 144.
24. It is not entirely clear how Brahms and Joachim first got the news about Schumann—it may have been from Dietrich’s letter or from a Hanover newspaper.
25. Litzmann Life 60–1.
26. Litzmann Life 63.
27. Litzmann Life 63.
28. Litzmann Life 62.
29. Bickley Joachim Letters 3/6/1854.
30. Litzmann Life 67–8.
31. Litzmann